Question.3158 - You are to publish your findings in the form of a term-paper, 7-10 pages, size 12 font, Times New Roman or Arial only, according to the style guidelines of the Modern Language Association (MLA), graphs and charts only, no photographs, Works Cited page a must. In Chapter 3, Unbelievable Stories about Apathy and Altruism, of Superfreakonomics, the sequel to their highly successful book, Freakonomics, economists Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner discuss the spike in crime that occurred after the post-war baby boom in the United States. The authors cite the criminal justice system and the baby boom itself as two of the factors that account for the rise in both property and violent crime. They also mention other possible hypotheses such as the great migration of African-Americans from the rural south to northern cities as well as the return of war-scarred Vietnam veterans. All of these factors combined do not explain the crime surge, they say. Levitt and Dubner write: The answer might be right in front of our faces, literally: television. Maybe Beaver Cleaver and his picture-perfect family weren’t just a casualty of the changing times (Leave It to Beaver was canceled in 1963, the same year Kennedy was assassinated). Maybe they weren’t actually a cause of the problem. People have long posited that violent TV shows lead to violent behavior, but that claim is not supported by data. We are making an entirely different argument here. Our claim is that children who grew up watching a lot of TV, even the most innocuous family-friendly shows, were more likely to engage in crime when they got older. Testing this hypothesis isn’t easy. You can’t just compare a random bunch of kids who watched a lot of TV with those who didn’t. The ones who were glued to the TV are sure to differ from the other children in countless ways beyond their viewing habits. A more believable strategy might be to compare cities that got TV early with those that got it much later. (101-103) Your assignment is to investigate this phenomenon on your own, using your own research, data, and opinion. Remember that Levitt and Dubner are economists who look at things from a statistical point of view. You are media sociologists. You might want to look into such things as the history of TV in the United States. Which towns and cities were first to get TV? What are/were the demographics of these towns? What kind of programming existed in the early days and in the ensuing years? How did the programming differ from one place to the other? What were the types of role models portrayed in these shows? How do you think that these shows influenced the viewers? How do/did viewers view the world after watching years of TV?You can also look at particular incidents from the recent past, criminal or otherwise, (you may even remember some), that were blamed on TV. (Levitt and Dubner mention the infamous murder of Queens resident, Kitty Genovese, in the 1960s.)
Answer Below:
TELEVISION xx THE xxxxxx STATES xxx United xxxxxx has x decentralized xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx television xxxxxx A xxxxxxxx public xxxxxxxxx service xxxxx as xxxxxx Broadcasting xxxxxxx PBS xx there xx the xxxxxx States xxxxx media xxxxxxx have xxxxx own xxxxxxxxxx stations xxxxx may xx affiliated xxxx or xxxxx and xxxxxxxx by x TV xxxxxxx Except xx very xxxxx markets xxxx few xxxxxxxx affiliation xxxxxxxxxx are xxxxxxx exclusive xx a xxxxxxx is xx NBC xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxx would xxx air xxxxxxxx from xxx CBS xx other xxxxxxxx Local xxxxxxxx till x and x supplemented xxxxxxx programming xxxx their xxx produced xxxxx However xxxx stations xxxxx produce xxxx local xxxx shows xxx rest xx their xxxxxxxx is xxxxxx with xxxxxxxxxx shows xx material xxxxxxxx independently xxx sold xx individual xxxxxxxx in xxxx local xxxxxx Perhaps xx phenomenon xxxxxx American xxxx in xxx s xxxx than xxxxxxxxxx Television xxxxxxx only xx few xxxxxxxx wealthy xxxxxxxx houses xx the xxx of xxxxx War xx Just xxxxx later xxxxxxx two-thirds xx American xxxxxxxxxx had x television xxx biggest-selling xxxxxxxxxx of xxx decade xxx TV xxxxx In x nation xxxx marked xx strong xxxxxxxx differences xxxxxxx television xxxxxxxxxxx blurred xxxxx distinctions xxx helped xxxxx a xxxxxxxx popular xxxxxxx Television xxxxxxx changed xxxxxxxx The xxxxx president xx be xxxxxxxxx was xxxxx Truman xxxx Estes xxxxxxxx prosecuted xxx boss xxxxx Costello xx television xxx Tennessee xxxxxxx became x national xxxx and x vice xxxxxxxxxxxx candidate xxxxxxxxxx television xxx successfully xxxxx demonstrated xx San xxxxxxxxx on xxxxxxxxx This xxxxxx was xxxxxxxx by x year xxx inventor xxxxx Taylor xxxxxxxxxx Till xxx age xx he xxxxx in x house xxxxxxx electricity xxx invention xx Farnsworth xxxxx scanned xxxxxx with x beam xx electrons xx the xxxxxx founder xx modern xxxxxxxxxx The xxxxx image xxxx was xxxxxxxxxxx on xx was x simple xxxx After xxxx time xxxxxxxxxx aimed xxx primitivecamera xx a xxxxxx sign xxxxx television xxx quite xxxxxxxxx The xxxxx newscasts xx CBS xxxx chalk xxxxx with x newsman xxxxxx a xxxxxxx across x map xx Europe xxxx consumed xx war xxxx the xxx could xx seen xxxxxxx of xxx poor xxxxxxx of xxx picture xxxxxx it xxxxxxxxx to xxxx out xxx salesman xxxxxxxxx like xxx focussed xx military xxxxxxxxxx during xxxxx War xx and xxxx slowed xxx development xx television xxx progress xx television xxxxxxx slowed xxxx because xx the xxxxxxxx over xxxxxxxxxx allocations xxxx the xxx FM xxxxx and x battle xxxx government xxxxxxxxxx The xxxxxxx Communications xxxxxxxxxx s xxx ruling xxxx the xxxxxxxx Broadcasting xxxxxxx NBC xxx to xxxx one xx its xxx radio xxxxxxxx was xxxxxx by xxx Supreme xxxxx in xxx second xxxxxxx became xxx new xxxxxxxx Broadcasting xxxxxxx ABC xxxxx would xxxxx television xxxxx in xxx next xxxxxx Six xxxxxxxxxxxx television xxxxxxxx remained xx the xxx during xxx war xxx each xx Chicago xxxxxxxxxxxx Los xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx and xxx in xxx York xxxx But xxxxxxxxxx commercial xxxxxxxxxx broadcasting xxx not xxxxx in xxx United xxxxxx until xx Americans xxxxxx within xxx range xx the xxxxxxx number xx television xxxxxxxx in xxx country xxxxx watch xxx example xxx Texaco xxxx Theater xxxxxxxx Milton xxxxx or xxx children x program xxxxx Doody xxxx could xxxx choose xxxxxxx two x minute xxxxxxxxx CBS xx News xxxx Douglas xxxxxxx and xxx s xxxxx News xxxxxxx with xxxx Cameron xxxxxx who xxx required xx the xxxxxxx company xxxxxxx to xxxx a xxxxxxx cigarette xxxxxx visible xxxx he xxx on xxxxxx There xxxx around xxxxxxxxxx sets xx which xxxx to xxxx million xx number xx By xxxx of xxx U x homes xxx television xxx no xxx invention xxxxxxx American xxxxx faster xxxx black xxx white xxxxxxxxxx sets xxxxxxxxx were xxxxxxx hundreds xx television xxxxxxxx and xxxxx TV xxxxx in x few xxxxxxxxxxxxxx isolated xxxxx Large xxxxxxxx were xxxxxxx in xxxx places xxxxx gave xxxxxxxx connected xxx choice xx receive xxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxx nearest xxxx There xxxx around xxxx CATV xxxxxxxxx Antenna xxxxxxxxxx systems xx In xxx York xxxx cable xxxxxxxxx contracted xx broadcast xxx home xxxxx of xxx local xxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxx teams xx New xxxx by xxxxx had xxxx than xxxxxxxxxxx Most xxxxxx over xxx age xx thirty xxxxx remember x time xxxxxx television xxx for xxxxx children xxx adolescents xxxx without xxxxxxxxxx is xxxxxxxxxxx Mitchell xxxxxxxx In x study xxx conducted xx Boston xxxxx showed xxxx the xxxx collar xxxxxx and xxx family xxxx the xxxx dependent xx TV xxx today xx s xxx so xxxxxxxxxx has xxx through xxxxxxxx racial xxx religious xxxxx and xxx it xx a xxxxxx denominator xx the xxxx s xxxxxxx of x S xxxxx had xx least xxx television xxx and xxxxx sets xxxx on xxx an xxxxxxx of xxxx than xxxxx hours x day xxx typical xxxxxxxx spends xxxxxxxxx on xxx survey xxx the xxxx of xxxx from xxxxxxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxx five xxxxx a xxx watching xxxxxxxxxx It xx significant xxx only xxxx this xxxx is xxxxx spent xxxx television xxx that xx is xxx being xxxxx engaging xx other xxxxxxxxxx such xx reading xx going xxx or xxxxxxxxxxx Sheila x Troppe xxxxxx the xxxxx years xxxxxxxxxx was xxxxx different xxx there xxx a xxxxxxxx code xx programming xxxxxx Earlier xxxxxxxxxx shows xxxx not xxxxx on xxxxxxx and xx was xxxx riveting xxx the xxxxx and xxxx importantly xxxxx were xxxxx programs xxx channels xxxxxxxxx Now xxxx the xxxxxx of xxx programs xxx quite xxxx compared xx earlier xxxx so xxxx less xxxx was xxxxxxxx in xxxxx of xxx television xx American xxxxxxxxx mostly xxx houses xxxx television xxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx at xxxx is xxxx than xxxxxx toilets xxxxxxxx people xxx children xxxxx most xx their xxxx in xxxxxxxx but xxxxx television xxx come xxxx existence xxxx Americans xxxxx around xxxxx per xxxx in xxxxx of xxx television xx the xxxxxx States xxxxxxx channels xxxx retooledthemselves xx focus xx reality xx most xxxxxxxx MTV xxxxx began xx the x as x music xxxxx pioneer xxxxxx switching xx a xxxxxx all-reality xxxxxx in xxx early x In xxxxxxx years xxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxx and xxx benefits xxxx television xxxxx presumably xxxxx to xxx family xxxx highly xxx unique xxxxxxx point xxx television xxxx In xxxxxxx years xxxxxx movies xxxx to xx only xxx half xxx hour xxxx The xxxx Ranger xxx King xx Lassie xxx host xxxxxx shows xxxx as xxxxx Doody xxx Kukla xxxx and xxxxx Whereas xxx more xxxx two xxxxx are xxxxx for xx action xxxxx In x animation xxxxxxx were xx great xxxxxxxx to xxx children xxxx of xxx popular xxxxx were xxxxxxx shows xxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxxxxx Bullwinkle xxx Space xxxxx In x programming xxx influenced xx the xxxx television xxxxxxxxxx quot xx cable xxx VCR xxxx and xx began xx erode xxx network xxxxxxxx Cartoons xxxx as xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxx remained xxx standard xxxxxxxx s xxxx but xxxx action xxxxx began xx increase xx number xx earlier xxxxx gender xxxxxxxxxx persisted xxxx girls xxxx watch xxxx boys xxxxx quot xxx boys xxxx not xxxxx quot xxxxx shows xxxx Whereas xx th xxxxxxx viewing xx not xxxxxxx solitary xxxxxxxx and xxxxxx view xxxxxxxx and xx many xxxxx things xxxxx watching xxxx families xxxxxx few xxxxx about xxxxxxxxxx use xxx example xxxxxxxx may xxx be xxxxxxx to xxxxx until xxxx have xxxxxxxxx important xxxxx such xx homework xx chores xx there xxx be x requirement xxxx television xxxx be xxxxxx off xx a xxxxxxx time xxxx parents xxxxxx rules xxxx report xxxxxxx of xxxx younger xxxxxxxx can xxxxx older xxxxxxxx have xxxxx about xxxx they xxx watch xxxxx was x great xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxx video xxxxxxxx recorders xxxxxx the x It xxx possible xxx viewers xx record xxx replay xxxxxxxx and xxxx to xxxx and xxxxx movies xx times xx their xxxxxx in xxxxx own xxxxx During xxxx decade xxxxx games xxxxxx popular xxxxxx among xxx young xxxxxxxxxx In xxx late x and x with xxxxxxxxx competition xxxxxxx on xx the xxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxx networks xxxx shows xxx quot xxxxxxx quot xxxx shows xxxxxx to xxxxxxx further xxxxx or xxxxxxxxxxx on-air xxxxxxxxxx of xxx Nowadays xx is xxxxxxxx to xxxx video xx the xxxxxxxxx Web xxx to xxx and xxxxxx television xxxxxxxxxx on x computer xx computers xxxxxx more xxxxxxxx they xxxxxx be xxxx to xxxxxx video xx easily xx they xxx handle xxxx The xxxxxxxxxx schedule xxx eventually xx replaced xx a xxxxxx in xxxxx viewers xxx able xx watch xxxxxxxxx stored xxx distributed xxxxxxxx or xxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx whenever xxxx want xxxxxxx Alexander xxxxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxxx followed xxxxxxxxx patterns xx other xxxxxxxxx Often xxxxxxxxxx not xxxxxxx corporations xxxxx most xx the xxxxx networks xx Great xxxxxxx the xxxxxxx Broadcasting xxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxx s xxxxxxxx radio xxxxxxxxxxx established xxx retained xxxxxxxxx over xxxxxxxxxx The xxx established x worldwide xxxxxxxxxx for xxxxxxxxx quality xxxxxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx Broadcasting xxxxxxxxxxx also xxxxx by xxxxxxxxxx support xxxx many xxxxxxxxxx pressures xxx praised xx some xxxxxxxxx for xxx seriousness xx much xx its xxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxxxx programming xxxxxx s xxxxx television xxxxxxxx were xxxx supported xx the xxxxxxxxxx By xxx late x and x as xxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx television xxxxxxx increased xxx number xx channels xxx hold xx these xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx networks xxxxx to xxxxxx Most xxxxxxxxx around xxx world xxxxx moving xxxx toward xxx U x model xx privately xxxxx advertiser-supported xxxxxxxxxx networks xxxxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxx was xxxxxxx slowed xx a xxxxxxxx over xxxxxxxxxx allocations xxxx the xxx FM xxxxx and x battle xxxx government xxxxxxxxxx Mitchell xxxxxxxx In xxxxx s xxxxxxx television xxxxx is xxxxxx in xxxx houses xxxx as x means xx entertainment xxx is xxxx an xxxxxxxxx source xx information xx a xxxxxxxx source xxxxxxxxxx plays xx important xxxx in xxxxxxx vulnerable xxx impressionable xxxxx of xxxxxxxx to xxxxxxx certain xxxxxx roles xxx behaviour xxxxxx Television xxxxxxxx to xxx audience x certain xxxxx of xxxx is xxxxxxxxxx and xxxx is xxx acceptable xx society xx normal xxxx television xxxxxxxx many xxxxxxxxx social xxxxx one xx which xx gender xxxxxxxxxx has xxx potential xxxxxxx children xxxxx how xxx and xxxxx act xx society xxx to xxxxx their xxxxx of xxxx is xxxxxxxx of xxxx in xxxxxxx as xxxxxx a xxx or x woman xxxxxxxxxx can xxxx a xxxxxxxxxxx role xx a xxxxx s xxxxxxx beliefs xxx attitudes xxxxx what xx means xx be xxxx or xxxxxx in xxx world xxx Evra xxxx America x fascination xxxx the xxxx West xxx nothing xxx but xxxxxxxxxx brought xxxxxxx heroes xxxx American xxxxx and xxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxx into x love xxxxxx Cowboys xxx lawmen xxxx as xxxxxxxx CASSIDY xxxxx EARP xxx the xxxxx KID xxxxxxxx across xxxxxxxxxxx every xxxxx Long xxxxxxx horse xxxxxx such xx BONANZA xxx RAWHIDE xxxxxxxxx viewers xxxx after xxxx A xxxxxxx named xxxxxxxxx was xxxxxxxxxx to xxxx schools xx America xxxxx depicted xxxxx participating xx non-traditional xxxxxxxxxxxx roles xxxxxxxxx development xxxxxxxxx have xxxxxxxxx that xxx influence xx television xx gender xxxxx depends xx the xxx of xxx child xxx also xx what xxxxx of xxxxxxxxx development xxxx are xx Children xx not xxxxxx absorb xxxxxxxxxx information xxxx actively xxxxxxx it xxx impose xxxxx own xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxx Durkin xxxxx by xxx Evra xxxx Elena xxxxxxx EFFECTS xx TELEVISIONTelevision xxx the xxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx both xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx effects xxx many xxxxxxx have xxxxxx at xxx impact xx television xx society xxxxxxxxxxxx on xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx Not xxx television xxxxxxxx are xxx but xxxx showing xxx negative xxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx inappropriate xxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx language xxx convincing xxxxxxxx s xxxxxxx television xxxxxxxxxx limit xxxxx time xxx important xxxxxxxxxx such xx playing xxxxxxx learning xx talk xxxxxxxx time xxxx peers xxx family xxxxxxxxxxxx participating xx regular xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx other xxxxxxxxx physical xxxxxx and xxxxxx skills xxxxxxxxxx can xx a xxxxxxxx teacher xxxxxxxx Sesame xxxxxx is xx example xx how xxxxxxxx can xxxxx valuable xxxxxxx about xxxxxx harmony xxxxxxxxxxx kindness xxxxxx arithmetic xxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx an xxxxxxxxxxx television xxxxxx But xxxxx research xxxx shown xxxx even x hours xx unsupervised xxxxxxxxxx viewing xx a xxx by xxxxxxxxxxx children xxx have xxxxxxxxxxx effect xx academic xxxxxxxxxxx especially xxxxxxx On xx average x child xxxx violent xxxx on xxxxxxxxxx every xxxx including xxxx depictions xx rape xxx murder xxxx than xxxxxxx confirm xxxx exposure xx heavy xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx violence xxxxxxxxx aggressive xxxxxxxxx particularly xx boys xxxxxxxx who xxxxx a xxx of xxxxxxxxxx are xxxx physically xxx and xxxx likely xx eat xxxx fat xxx high xxxxxx snack xxxxx Television xxxxxxx children xx adult xxxxxx behaviours xx ways xxxx portray xxxxx actions xx normal xxx risk-free xxxxxxx the xxxxxxx that xxxxxxx these xxxxxxxxxx are xxxxxxxx everybody xxxx it xxxxxxxxxx is xxx the xxxx way xxxx children xxxxx about xxxxxxx and xxxxxxx use xxx concern xx that xxx consequences xx these xxxxxxxxxx are xxx accurately xxxxxxxx on xxxxxxxxxx Advertising xxx have xxxxxxxx effects xx children x behaviour xxx example xxxx alcohol xxxxxxxxxxxxx spend xx their xxxxxx on xxxxxxxxxxxxxx warning xxxxx the xxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxx In xxx United xxxxxx questions xxxxx program xxxxxxx and xxx use xx children xxxxx television x influence xx children x attitudes xxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx and xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx public xxxxxx toward xxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxx have xxxx central xx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxx medium xxxxxxxxxx its xxxx century xx the xxxxxxxxxx hearth xx has xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx role xx the xxxxxx and xxxxxx It xxxxxxx a xxxxxxxx mythology xxxx establishes xxx norms xx approved xxxxxxxxx and xxxxxx Even xxxxxx a xxxx percentage xx Black xxxxxxxxxx come xxxxxx the xxxxxx as xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx romanticized xxx majority xx Black xxxxxxxxxx are xx subservient xxxxx Non xxxxx characters xxx more xxxxxx to xx victims xx criminals xxxx white xxxxxxxxxx Male xxxxx time xxxxxxxxxx outnumber xxxxxx three xx one xxxxxx over xxxxxxxxxx who xxxxxxxxx a xxxxx share xx the xxxxxxx audience xxx grossly xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx According xx TV xxxxx are xx handicapped xxxx teens xxxx been xxxxxx in xxxxx frivolous xxxxx that xxxx little xxxxxxxxx to xxxx life xxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxx are xxxxxxxx as xxxxxxxxxx attorneys xxxxxxxx entertainers xx involved xx some xxxx of xxx enforcement xxxxx are xxxx fine xxxxxxxx on xxxxxxxxxx shows xxxx depict xxxxxxxxx people xxxxxxxx with xxxxx and xxxxxx facing xxxxxxxxx situations xxxxxxxx heretofore xxxxxx from xxxxxx viewing xxxx as xxxxxxxxxx child xxxxx and xxxxxx have xxxx aired xxx examined xxxxxxxxxxxxx these xxxxxxxx are xxx the xxxxxxx fare xxx so xx must xxxxx our xxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx what xx presented xxxx a xxxxxxxx eye xx must xxxxxxx an xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxx effects xx we xxx develop x new xxxxxxxxxxxxx about xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx in xx portrayals xxxxxxx Alexander xxxxxxxxxx http xxx ushistory xxx us x asp xxxxxxxx Stephens xxxx www xxx edu xxxxxxx stephens xxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx page xxx Sheila x Troppe xxxx www xxxx edu xxxxx curriculum xxxxx x xxxx Allison xxxxxxxxx http xxx museum xx eotvsection xxx entrycode xxxxxxxxxxx Elena xxxxxxx http xxx aber xx uk xxxxx Students xxx html xxxx www xxxx nlm xxx gov xxx articles xxxMore Articles From English
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