Question.3158 - You are to publish your findings in the form of a term-paper, 7-10 pages, size 12 font, Times New Roman or Arial only, according to the style guidelines of the Modern Language Association (MLA), graphs and charts only, no photographs, Works Cited page a must. In Chapter 3, Unbelievable Stories about Apathy and Altruism, of Superfreakonomics, the sequel to their highly successful book, Freakonomics, economists Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner discuss the spike in crime that occurred after the post-war baby boom in the United States. The authors cite the criminal justice system and the baby boom itself as two of the factors that account for the rise in both property and violent crime. They also mention other possible hypotheses such as the great migration of African-Americans from the rural south to northern cities as well as the return of war-scarred Vietnam veterans. All of these factors combined do not explain the crime surge, they say. Levitt and Dubner write: The answer might be right in front of our faces, literally: television. Maybe Beaver Cleaver and his picture-perfect family weren’t just a casualty of the changing times (Leave It to Beaver was canceled in 1963, the same year Kennedy was assassinated). Maybe they weren’t actually a cause of the problem. People have long posited that violent TV shows lead to violent behavior, but that claim is not supported by data. We are making an entirely different argument here. Our claim is that children who grew up watching a lot of TV, even the most innocuous family-friendly shows, were more likely to engage in crime when they got older. Testing this hypothesis isn’t easy. You can’t just compare a random bunch of kids who watched a lot of TV with those who didn’t. The ones who were glued to the TV are sure to differ from the other children in countless ways beyond their viewing habits. A more believable strategy might be to compare cities that got TV early with those that got it much later. (101-103) Your assignment is to investigate this phenomenon on your own, using your own research, data, and opinion. Remember that Levitt and Dubner are economists who look at things from a statistical point of view. You are media sociologists. You might want to look into such things as the history of TV in the United States. Which towns and cities were first to get TV? What are/were the demographics of these towns? What kind of programming existed in the early days and in the ensuing years? How did the programming differ from one place to the other? What were the types of role models portrayed in these shows? How do you think that these shows influenced the viewers? How do/did viewers view the world after watching years of TV?You can also look at particular incidents from the recent past, criminal or otherwise, (you may even remember some), that were blamed on TV. (Levitt and Dubner mention the infamous murder of Queens resident, Kitty Genovese, in the 1960s.)
Answer Below:
TELEVISION xx THE xxxxxx STATES xxx United xxxxxx has x decentralized xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx television xxxxxx A xxxxxxxx public xxxxxxxxx service xxxxx as xxxxxx Broadcasting xxxxxxx PBS xx there xx the xxxxxx States xxxxx media xxxxxxx have xxxxx own xxxxxxxxxx stations xxxxx may xx affiliated xxxx or xxxxx and xxxxxxxx by x TV xxxxxxx Except xx very xxxxx markets xxxx few xxxxxxxx affiliation xxxxxxxxxx are xxxxxxx exclusive xx a xxxxxxx is xx NBC xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxx would xxx air xxxxxxxx from xxx CBS xx other xxxxxxxx Local xxxxxxxx till xxxxx s xxx rsquo x supplemented xxxxxxx programming xxxx their xxx produced xxxxx However xxxx stations xxxxx produce xxxx local xxxx shows xxx rest xx their xxxxxxxx is xxxxxx with xxxxxxxxxx shows xx material xxxxxxxx independently xxx sold xx individual xxxxxxxx in xxxx local xxxxxx Perhaps xx phenomenon xxxxxx American xxxx in xxx rsquo x more xxxx TELEVISION xxxxxxxxxx existed xxxx in xxx thousand xxxxxxx American xxxxxx at xxx end xx World xxx II xxxx years xxxxx roughly xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx households xxx a xxxxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx periodical xx the xxxxxx was xx GUIDE xx a xxxxxx once xxxxxx by xxxxxx regional xxxxxxxxxxx network xxxxxxxxxx programming xxxxxxx these xxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxx forge x national xxxxxxx culture xxxxxxxxxx forever xxxxxxx politics xxx first xxxxxxxxx to xx televised xxx Harry xxxxxx When xxxxx Kefauver xxxxxxxxxx mob xxxx Frank xxxxxxxx on xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx senator xxxxxx a xxxxxxxx hero xxx a xxxx presidential xxxxxxxxx Electronic xxxxxxxxxx was xxxxxxxxxxxx first xxxxxxxxxxxx in xxx Francisco xx September xxxx system xxx designed xx a xxxx old xxxxxxxx Philo xxxxxx Farnsworth xxxx the xxx of xx lived xx a xxxxx without xxxxxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx which xxxxxxx images xxxx a xxxx of xxxxxxxxx is xxx direct xxxxxxx of xxxxxx television xxx first xxxxx that xxx transmitted xx it xxx a xxxxxx line xxxxx some xxxx Farnsworth xxxxx his xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx at x dollar xxxx Early xxxxxxxxxx was xxxxx primitive xxx early xxxxxxxxx on xxx were xxxxx chalk xxxxx rdquo xxxx a xxxxxxx moving x pointer xxxxxx a xxx of xxxxxx then xxxxxxxx by xxx Only xxx map xxxxx be xxxx because xx the xxxx quality xx the xxxxxxx making xx difficult xx make xxx the xxxxxxxx Companies xxxx RCA xxxxxxxx on xxxxxxxx production xxxxxx World xxx II xxx this xxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx further xxxxxx down xxxxxxx of xxx struggle xxxx wavelength xxxxxxxxxxx with xxx new xx radio xxx a xxxxxx over xxxxxxxxxx regulation xxx Federal xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Commission xxxxx s xxx ruling xxxx the xxxxxxxx Broadcasting xxxxxxx NBC xxx to xxxx one xx its xxx radio xxxxxxxx was xxxxxx by xxx Supreme xxxxx in xxx second xxxxxxx became xxx new xxxxxxxx Broadcasting xxxxxxx ABC xxxxx would xxxxx television xxxxx in xxx next xxxxxx Six xxxxxxxxxxxx television xxxxxxxx remained xx the xxx during xxx war xxx each xx Chicago xxxxxxxxxxxx Los xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx and xxx in xxx York xxxx But xxxxxxxxxx commercial xxxxxxxxxx broadcasting xxx not xxxxx in xxx United xxxxxx until xx Americans xxxxxx within xxx range xx the xxxxxxx number xx television xxxxxxxx in xxx country xxxxx watch xxx example xxx Texaco xxxx Theater xxxxxxxx Milton xxxxx or xxx children xxx s xxxxxxx Howdy xxxxx They xxxxx also xxxxxx between xxx - xxxxxx newscasts xxx TV xxxx with xxxxxxx Edwards xxx NBC xxx s xxxxx News xxxxxxx with xxxx Cameron xxxxxx who xxx required xx the xxxxxxx company xxxxxxx to xxxx a xxxxxxx cigarette xxxxxx visible xxxx he xxx on xxxxxx There xxxx around xxxxxxxxxx sets xx which xxxx to xxxx million xx number xx By xxxx of xxx U x homes xxx television xxx no xxx invention xxxxxxx American xxxxx faster xxxx black xxx white xxxxxxxxxx sets xxxxxxxxx were xxxxxxx hundreds xx television xxxxxxxx and xxxxx TV xxxxx in x few xxxxxxxxxxxxxx isolated xxxxx Large xxxxxxxx were xxxxxxx in xxxx places xxxxx gave xxxxxxxx connected xxx choice xx receive xxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxx nearest xxxx There xxxx around xxxx CATV xxxxxxxxx Antenna xxxxxxxxxx systems xx In xxx York xxxx cable xxxxxxxxx contracted xx broadcast xxx home xxxxx of xxx local xxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxx teams xx New xxxx by xxxxx had xxxx than xxxxxxxxxxx Most xxxxxx over xxx age xx thirty xxxxx remember x time xxxxxx television xxx for xxxxx children xxx adolescents xxxx without xxxxxxxxxx is xxxxxxxxxxx Mitchell xxxxxxxx In x study xxx conducted xx Boston xxxxx showed xxxx the xxxx collar xxxxxx and xxx family xxxx the xxxx dependent xx TV xxx today xx rsquo x not xx Television xxx cut xxxxxxx economic xxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx lines xxx now xx is x common xxxxxxxxxxx By xxx late xxxxx s xxxxxxx of x S xxxxx had xx least xxx television xxx and xxxxx sets xxxx on xxx an xxxxxxx of xxxx than xxxxx hours x day xxx typical xxxxxxxx spends xxxxxxxxx on xxx survey xxx the xxxx of xxxx from xxxxxxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxx five xxxxx a xxx watching xxxxxxxxxx It xx significant xxx only xxxx this xxxx is xxxxx spent xxxx television xxx that xx is xxx being xxxxx engaging xx other xxxxxxxxxx such xx reading xx going xxx or xxxxxxxxxxx Sheila x Troppe xxxxxx the xxxxx years xxxxxxxxxx was xxxxx different xxx there xxx a xxxxxxxx code xx programming xxxxxx Earlier xxxxxxxxxx shows xxxx not xxxxx on xxxxxxx and xx was xxxx riveting xxx the xxxxx and xxxx importantly xxxxx were xxxxx programs xxx channels xxxxxxxxx Now xxxx the xxxxxx of xxx programs xxx quite xxxx compared xx earlier xxxx so xxxx less xxxx was xxxxxxxx in xxxxx of xxx television xx American xxxxxxxxx mostly xxx houses xxxx television xxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx at xxxx is xxxx than xxxxxx toilets xxxxxxxx people xxx children xxxxx most xx their xxxx in xxxxxxxx but xxxxx television xxx come xxxx existence xxxx Americans xxxxx around xxxxx per xxxx in xxxxx of xxx television xx the xxxxxx States xxxxxxx channels xxxx retooledthemselves xx focus xx reality xx most xxxxxxxx MTV xxxxx began xx the x as x music xxxxx pioneer xxxxxx switching xx a xxxxxx all-reality xxxxxx in xxx early x In xxxxxxx years xxxxxxxx amp x programs xxx the xxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxx could xxxxxxxxxx bring xx the xxxxxx were xxxxxx the xxxxxx selling xxxxx for xxxxxxxxxx sets xx earlier xxxxx action xxxxxx used xx be xxxx for xxxx and xxxx like xxx Lone xxxxxx Sky xxxx or xxxxxx and xxxx puppet xxxxx such xx Howdy xxxxx and xxxxx Fran xxx Ollie xxxxxxx now xxxx than xxx hours xxx given xxx an xxxxxx movie xx rsquo x animation xxxxxxx were xx great xxxxxxxx to xxx children xxxx of xxx popular xxxxx were xxxxxxx shows xxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxxxxx Bullwinkle xxx Space xxxxx In x programming xxx influenced xx the xxx quot xxxxxxxxxx revolution xxx quot xx cable xxx VCR xxxx and xx began xx erode xxx network xxxxxxxx Cartoons xxxx as xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxx remained xxx standard xxxxxxxx amp x fare xxx live xxxxxx shows xxxxx to xxxxxxxx in xxxxxx In xxxxxxx years xxxxxx difference xxxxxxxxx like xxxxx will xxxxx amp xxxx boys xxx shows xxx quot xxx boys xxxx not xxxxx amp xxxx girls xxx shows xxx quot xxxxxxx in xx century xxxxxxx is xxx usually xxxxxxxx Children xxx adults xxxx together xxx do xxxx other xxxxxx while xxxxxxxx Many xxxxxxxx report xxx rules xxxxx television xxx For xxxxxxx children xxx not xx allowed xx watch xxxxx they xxxx completed xxxxxxxxx tasks xxxx as xxxxxxxx or xxxxxx or xxxxx may xx a xxxxxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxx must xx turned xxx at x certain xxxx When xxxxxxx report xxxxx they xxxxxx control xx when xxxxxxx children xxx watch xxxxx children xxxx rules xxxxx what xxxx can xxxxx There xxx a xxxxx availability xx home xxxxx cassette xxxxxxxxx during xxx rsquo x It xxx possible xxx viewers xx record xxx replay xxxxxxxx and xxxx to xxxx and xxxxx movies xx times xx their xxxxxx in xxxxx own xxxxx During xxxx decade xxxxx games xxxxxx popular xxxxxx among xxx young xxxxxxxxxx In xxx late x and x with xxxxxxxxx competition xxxxxxx on xx the xxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxx networks xxxx shows xxx amp xxxx tabloid xxx quot xxxx shows xxxxxx to xxxxxxx further xxxxx or xxxxxxxxxxx on-air xxxxxxxxxx of xxx Nowadays xx is xxxxxxxx to xxxx video xx the xxxxxxxxx Web xxx to xxx and xxxxxx television xxxxxxxxxx on x computer xx computers xxxxxx more xxxxxxxx they xxxxxx be xxxx to xxxxxx video xx easily xx they xxx handle xxxx The xxxxxxxxxx schedule xxx eventually xx replaced xx a xxxxxx in xxxxx viewers xxx able xx watch xxxxxxxxx stored xxx distributed xxxxxxxx or xxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx whenever xxxx want xxxxxxx Alexander xxxxxxxxxx amp x development xxxxxxxx different xxxxxxxx in xxxxx countries xxxxx government xxx private xxxxxxxxxxxx owned xxxx of xxx major xxxxxxxx In xxxxx Britain xxx British xxxxxxxxxxxx Corporation xxx country xxx s xxxxxxxx radio xxxxxxxxxxx established xxx retained xxxxxxxxx over xxxxxxxxxx The xxx established x worldwide xxxxxxxxxx for xxxxxxxxx quality xxxxxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx Broadcasting xxxxxxxxxxx also xxxxx by xxxxxxxxxx support xxxx many xxxxxxxxxx pressures xxx praised xx some xxxxxxxxx for xxx seriousness xx much xx its xxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxxxx programming xxxxxx amp x major xxxxxxxxxx networks xxxx also xxxxxxxxx by xxx government xx the xxxx s xxx s xx cable xxx direct-satellite xxxxxxxxxx systems xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxx of xxxxxxxx the xxxx of xxxxx government-funded xxxxxxxx began xx weaken xxxx countries xxxxxx the xxxxx began xxxxxx more xxxxxx the x S xxxxx of xxxxxxxxx owned xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx television xxxxxxxx Television xxx s xxxxxxxx was xxxxxxx slowed xx a xxxxxxxx over xxxxxxxxxx allocations xxxx the xxx FM xxxxx and x battle xxxx government xxxxxxxxxx Mitchell xxxxxxxx In xxxxx rsquo x society xxxxxxxxxx which xx common xx many xxxxxx acts xx a xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxxx and xx also xx important xxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx As x learning xxxxxx television xxxxx an xxxxxxxxx role xx helping xxx vulnerable xxx impressionable xxx minds xx children xx develop xxxxxxx social xxxxx and xxxxxxxxx traits xxxxxxxxxx provides xx its xxxxxxxx a xxxxxxx image xx what xx acceptable xxx what xx not xxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxx In xxxxxx life xxxxxxxxxx reflects xxxx important xxxxxx roles xxx of xxxxx is xxxxx gender xxxxx Television xxx the xxxxxxxxx toteach xxxxxxxx about xxx men xxx women xxx in xxxxxxx and xx mould xxxxx views xx what xx expected xx them xx society xx either x man xx a xxxxx Television xxx play x significant xxxx in x child xxx s xxxxxxx beliefs xxx attitudes xxxxx what xx means xx be xxxx or xxxxxx in xxx world xxx Evra xxxx America xxx s xxxxxxxxxxx with xxx Wild xxxx was xxxxxxx new xxx television xxxxxxx Western xxxxxx into xxxxxxxx homes xxx turned xxxx fascination xxxx a xxxx affair xxxxxxx and xxxxxx such xx HOPALONG xxxxxxx WYATT xxxx and xxx CISCO xxx galloped xxxxxx televisions xxxxx night xxxx running xxxxx operas xxxx as xxxxxxx and xxxxxxx attracted xxxxxxx week xxxxx week x program xxxxx Freestyle xxx introduced xx some xxxxxxx in xxxxxxx which xxxxxxxx women xxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx occupational xxxxx Cognitive xxxxxxxxxxx theorists xxxx suggested xxxx the xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx on xxxxxx roles xxxxxxx on xxx age xx the xxxxx and xxxx on xxxx stage xx cognitive xxxxxxxxxxx they xxx at xxxxxxxx do xxx simply xxxxxx television xxxxxxxxxxx they xxxxxxxx process xx and xxxxxx their xxx interpretations xxx expectations xxxxxx cited xx Van xxxx page xxxxx Beasley xxxxxxx OF xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx has xxx potential xx generate xxxx positive xxx negative xxxxxxx and xxxx studies xxxx looked xx the xxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx on xxxxxxx particularly xx children xxx adolescents xxx all xxxxxxxxxx programs xxx bad xxx data xxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx effects xx exposure xx violence xxxxxxxxxxxxx sexuality xxx offensive xxxxxxxx are xxxxxxxxxx Children xxxxx s xxxxxxx television xxxxxxxxxx limit xxxxx time xxx important xxxxxxxxxx such xx playing xxxxxxx learning xx talk xxxxxxxx time xxxx peers xxx family xxxxxxxxxxxx participating xx regular xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx other xxxxxxxxx physical xxxxxx and xxxxxx skills xxxxxxxxxx can xx a xxxxxxxx teacher xxxxxxxx Sesame xxxxxx is xx example xx how xxxxxxxx can xxxxx valuable xxxxxxx about xxxxxx harmony xxxxxxxxxxx kindness xxxxxx arithmetic xxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx an xxxxxxxxxxx television xxxxxx But xxxxx research xxxx shown xxxx even x hours xx unsupervised xxxxxxxxxx viewing xx a xxx by xxxxxxxxxxx children xxx have xxxxxxxxxxx effect xx academic xxxxxxxxxxx especially xxxxxxx On xx average x child xxxx violent xxxx on xxxxxxxxxx every xxxx including xxxx depictions xx rape xxx murder xxxx than xxxxxxx confirm xxxx exposure xx heavy xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx violence xxxxxxxxx aggressive xxxxxxxxx particularly xx boys xxxxxxxx who xxxxx a xxx of xxxxxxxxxx are xxxx physically xxx and xxxx likely xx eat xxxx fat xxx high xxxxxx snack xxxxx Television xxxxxxx children xx adult xxxxxx behaviours xx ways xxxx portray xxxxx actions xx normal xxx risk-free xxxxxxx the xxxxxxx that xxxxxxx these xxxxxxxxxx are xxxxxxxx lsquo xxxxxxxxx does xx rsquo xxxxxxxxxx is xxx the xxxx way xxxx children xxxxx about xxxxxxx and xxxxxxx use xxx concern xx that xxx consequences xx these xxxxxxxxxx are xxx accurately xxxxxxxx on xxxxxxxxxx Advertising xxx have xxxxxxxx effects xx children xxxxx s xxxxxxxxx For xxxxxxx some xxxxxxx manufacturers xxxxx of xxxxx budget xx advertisements xxxxxxx about xxx dangers xx drinking xxx driving xx the xxxxxx States xxxxxxxxx about xxxxxxx content xxx its xxx by xxxxxxxx about xxxxxxxxxx amp x influence xx children xxx s xxxxxxxxx knowledge xxx behaviour xxx about xxx appropriate xxxxxx policy xxxxxx children xxx s xxxxxxxxxx have xxxx central xx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxx medium xxxxxxxxxx its xxxx century xx the xxxxxxxxxx hearth xx has xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx role xx the xxxxxx and xxxxxx It xxxxxxx a xxxxx cultural xxxxxxxxx rdquo xxxx establishes xxx norms xx approved xxxxxxxxx and xxxxxx Even xxxxxx a xxxx percentage xx Black xxxxxxxxxx come xxxxxx the xxxxxx as xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx romanticized xxx majority xx Black xxxxxxxxxx are xx subservient xxxxx Non xxxxx characters xxx more xxxxxx to xx victims xx criminals xxxx white xxxxxxxxxx Male xxxxx time xxxxxxxxxx outnumber xxxxxx three xx one xxxxxx over xxxxxxxxxx who xxxxxxxxx a xxxxx share xx the xxxxxxx audience xxx grossly xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx According xx TV xxxxx are xx handicapped xxxx teens xxxx been xxxxxx in xxxxx frivolous xxxxx that xxxx little xxxxxxxxx to xxxx life xxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxx are xxxxxxxx as xxxxxxxxxx attorneys xxxxxxxx entertainers xx involved xx some xxxx of xxx enforcement xxxxx are xxxx fine xxxxxxxx on xxxxxxxxxx shows xxxx depict xxxxxxxxx people xxxxxxxx with xxxxx and xxxxxx facing xxxxxxxxx situations xxxxxxxx heretofore xxxxxx from xxxxxx viewing xxxx as xxxxxxxxxx child xxxxx and xxxxxx have xxxx aired xxx examined xxxxxxxxxxxxx these xxxxxxxx are xxx the xxxxxxx fare xxx so xx must xxxxx our xxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx what xx presented xxxx a xxxxxxxx eye xx must xxxxxxx an xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxx effects xx we xxx develop x new xxxxxxxxxxxxx about xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx in xx portrayals xxxxxxx Alexander xxxxxxxxxx http xxx ushistory xxx us x asp xxxxxxxx Stephens xxxx www xxx edu xxxxxxx stephens xxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx page xxx Sheila x Troppe xxxx www xxxx edu xxxxx curriculum xxxxx x xxxx Allison xxxxxxxxx http xxx museum xx eotvsection xxx entrycode xxxxxxxxxxx Elena xxxxxxx http xxx aber xx uk xxxxx Students xxx html xxxx www xxxx nlm xxx gov xxx articles xxxMore Articles From English
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