Question.3541 - What are your overall reactions to the article, "Is Drug Addiction a Brain Disease"? What is something you found new or interesting about this material?As part of your response: The article states the following: "...the diseased-brain perspective has outsized influence on research funding and direction, as well as on how drug use and addiction are viewed in society.... This research endeavor will give less consideration to important social factors, such as parental income, neighborhood, or family structure. This oversight is to be expected, in part, because most of the lead investigators are neuroimaging researchers. Notably, there has never been such an ambitious funding effort focused on psychosocial determinants or consequences (for example, employment status, racial discrimination, neighborhood characteristics, or policing) of drug use or addiction" (Grifell & Hart, 2018). Note that the chapter 2 lecture more broadly addressed research findings regarding addiction and the contribution of adverse childhood experiences and/or trauma, individual neurobiology, social environment (e.g., isolation vs. sociality), and the number of alternative reinforcers to drug use -- and note how virtually all of the psychosocial variables Grifell and Hart (2018) referred to above can be seen in terms of alternative reinforcers, especially socioeconomic status and employment status because these two variables can severely limit (or enable) a person's number of alternative reinforcers (or, even more specifically, the number of reinforcers [rewarding things or activities] they have in their lives in general, outside of the context of addiction). (Rhetorical question time: Are we more clearly seeing how complex addiction can be?)What do you think are the consequences of focusing on brain models of addiction (note that the authors do say that neuroscience has a place in addiction, just that the disease model is without solid empirical verifications in human beings) while neglecting psychosocial or environmental variables (e.g., social factors, socioeconomic status, alternative reinforcers, etc.) regarding an addict or drug-user's life? How would this brain-based view affect our conceptualization and treatment of substance use disorder/addiction clients, and/or how do you think it affects public policy (e.g., laws, drug regulation)?
Answer Below:
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