Question.3541 - What are your overall reactions to the article, "Is Drug Addiction a Brain Disease"? What is something you found new or interesting about this material?As part of your response: The article states the following: "...the diseased-brain perspective has outsized influence on research funding and direction, as well as on how drug use and addiction are viewed in society.... This research endeavor will give less consideration to important social factors, such as parental income, neighborhood, or family structure. This oversight is to be expected, in part, because most of the lead investigators are neuroimaging researchers. Notably, there has never been such an ambitious funding effort focused on psychosocial determinants or consequences (for example, employment status, racial discrimination, neighborhood characteristics, or policing) of drug use or addiction" (Grifell & Hart, 2018). Note that the chapter 2 lecture more broadly addressed research findings regarding addiction and the contribution of adverse childhood experiences and/or trauma, individual neurobiology, social environment (e.g., isolation vs. sociality), and the number of alternative reinforcers to drug use -- and note how virtually all of the psychosocial variables Grifell and Hart (2018) referred to above can be seen in terms of alternative reinforcers, especially socioeconomic status and employment status because these two variables can severely limit (or enable) a person's number of alternative reinforcers (or, even more specifically, the number of reinforcers [rewarding things or activities] they have in their lives in general, outside of the context of addiction). (Rhetorical question time: Are we more clearly seeing how complex addiction can be?)What do you think are the consequences of focusing on brain models of addiction (note that the authors do say that neuroscience has a place in addiction, just that the disease model is without solid empirical verifications in human beings) while neglecting psychosocial or environmental variables (e.g., social factors, socioeconomic status, alternative reinforcers, etc.) regarding an addict or drug-user's life? How would this brain-based view affect our conceptualization and treatment of substance use disorder/addiction clients, and/or how do you think it affects public policy (e.g., laws, drug regulation)?
Answer Below:
What xxx your xxxxxxx reactions xx the xxxxxxx Is xxxx Addiction x Brain xxxxxxx What xx something xxx found xxx or xxxxxxxxxxx about xxxx material xx part xx your xxxxxxxx The xxxxxxx states xxx following xxx diseased-brain xxxxxxxxxxx has xxxxxxxx influence xx research xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx as xxxx as xx how xxxx use xxx addiction xxx viewed xx society xxxx research xxxxxxxx will xxxx less xxxxxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxx social xxxxxxx such xx parental xxxxxx neighborhood xx family xxxxxxxxx This xxxxxxxxx is xx be xxxxxxxx in xxxx because xxxx of xxx lead xxxxxxxxxxxxx are xxxxxxxxxxxx researchers xxxxxxx there xxx never xxxx such xx ambitious xxxxxxx effort xxxxxxx on xxxxxxxxxxxx determinants xx consequences xxx example xxxxxxxxxx status xxxxxx discrimination xxxxxxxxxxxx characteristics xx policing xx drug xxx or xxxxxxxxx Grifell xxx Hart xxxx that xxx chapter xxxxxxx more xxxxxxx addressed xxxxxxxx findings xxxxxxxxx addiction xxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx childhood xxxxxxxxxxx and xx trauma xxxxxxxxxx neurobiology xxxxxx environment x g xxxxxxxxx vs xxxxxxxxx and xxx number xx alternative xxxxxxxxxxx to xxxx use xx and xxxx how xxxxxxxxx all xx the xxxxxxxxxxxx variables xxxxxxx and xxxx referred xx above xxx be xxxx in xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx reinforcers xxxxxxxxxx socioeconomic xxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx status xxxxxxx these xxx variables xxx severely xxxxx or xxxxxx a xxxxxxxx number xx alternative xxxxxxxxxxx or xxxx more xxxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx rewarding xxxxxx or xxxxxxxxxx they xxxx in xxxxx lives xx general xxxxxxx of xxx context xx addiction xxxxxxxxxx question xxxx Are xx more xxxxxxx seeing xxx complex xxxxxxxxx can xx What xx you xxxxx are xxx consequences xx focusing xx brain xxxxxx of xxxxxxxxx note xxxx the xxxxxxx do xxx that xxxxxxxxxxxx has x place xx addiction xxxx that xxx disease xxxxx is xxxxxxx solid xxxxxxxxx verifications xx human xxxxxx while xxxxxxxxxx psychosocial xx environmental xxxxxxxxx e x social xxxxxxx socioeconomic xxxxxx alternative xxxxxxxxxxx etc xxxxxxxxx an xxxxxx or xxxxxxxxxxx life xxx would xxxx brain-based xxxx affect xxx conceptualization xxx treatment xx substance xxx disorder xxxxxxxxx clients xxx or xxx do xxx think xx affects xxxxxx policy x g xxxx drug xxxxxxxxxx Is xxxx Addiction x Brain xxxxxxx in xxxx article xxxxxxxx points xxxx been xxxxxxxxx regarding xxx prevailing xxxxx disease xxxxx of xxxxxxxxx It xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx on xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx perceptions xxxxxxxxxxx is xxx crucial xxxxxxxx addressing xxxx model xxxxxxxxx essential xxxxxxxxxxxx factors xxxxx are xxxxxxxxxxxxx status xxx family xxxxxxxx that xxx significantly xxxxxx addiction xxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx critique xx the xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxx researchers xx addiction xxxxxxx is xxx interesting xxxxxx which xxxxxxxx this xxxxx will xxxxxxxx lead xx a xxxxxx understanding xx the xxxxx Instead xx psychosocial xxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxx brain xxxxxx are xxxxxxxx potentially xxxxxxx treatment xxxxxxxxxx neglecting xxx importance xx social xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxxx contexts xx can xxxxxx in xxxxxxxx that xxxx to xxxxxxx the xxxx causes xx addiction xxxxx will xxxx to xxxxxxxxx how xxxxxxx views xxx supports xxxxxxxxxxxMore Articles From Medicine
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