Question.365 - Question 1 0.5?/ 0.5?pts Which of the following is?true?about Sutherland's theory of differential association? ?? It argues that people commit crime mainly by seeing violence in the movies ? ?? It argues that learning to be criminal is very different from learning other forms of behavior that are not criminal ? ?? It argues that people become criminal when there is an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law ? ?? It argues that white-collar crimes are learned, while street crimes (e.g., homicide, robbery, burglary, etc.) rarely involve learning ? ? Question 2 0.5?/ 0.5?pts In the learning theories, which of the following concepts refers to the process by which a person is exposed to definitions favorable or unfavorable to illegal behavior? ?? Differential association ? ?? Definitions ? ?? Differential reinforcement ? ?? Imitation ? ? Question 3 0.5?/ 0.5?pts In Akers's social learning theory, which of the following concepts refers to the balance of anticipated or actual rewards or punishments that follow behavior? ?? Differential association ? ?? Definitions ? ?? Differential reinforcement ? ?? Imitation ? ? Question 4 0.5?/ 0.5?pts In the learning theories, which of the following concepts refers to the attitudes or meanings that are attached to particular behavior? ?? Differential association ? ?? Definitions ? ?? Differential reinforcement ? ?? Imitation ? ? Question 5 0.5?/ 0.5?pts In Becker's article, "Becoming a Marihuana User," which of the following is?not?a step in learning to use marihuana for pleasure? ?? learning to smoke it in a way that produces real effects ? ?? learning how to purchase the drug without getting caught ? ?? learning to enjoy the effects of the drug ? ?? learning to recognize the effects and connect them with the drug use ? ? Question 6 0.5?/ 0.5?pts Macro-level learning theories argue which of the following? ?? Social learning factors indirectly affect behavior. That is, social learning factors directly affect social structural factors which, in turn, directly affect behavior ?? Definitions and reinforcements are important in predicting delinquency, but differential associations and imitation are not important ? ?? Certain groups have values conducive to crime, so crime will be highest in areas with such groups ? ?? Crime is due to individual differences and the characteristics of offenders ? ? Question 7 0.5?/ 0.5?pts Which criminologist argued that higher rates of crime are found in lower-class areas because members of the lower class have a culture that is preoccupied with trouble, toughness, smartness, and excitement? ?? Sutherland ? ?? Akers ? ?? Anderson ? ?? Miller ? ? Question 8 0.5?/ 0.5?pts According to Sampson and Wilson (1995), cultural norms that lead to crime and violence& ?? exist even in wealthy, advantaged communities. ? ?? no longer apply to inner-city communities today. ? ?? exist due to social isolation of inner-city populations. ? ?? appear to have some biological origins in high crime communities. ? ? Question 9 0.5?/ 0.5?pts Elijah Anderson's research on the code of the streets suggested which of the following? ?? Only the children of street families are exposed to the street culture ? ?? Street families encourage delayed gratification among their children ? ?? Street families often have superficial and sporadic family relationships ? ?? Street families and decent families live in different communities ? ? Question 10 0.5?/ 0.5?pts According to Elijah Anderson, most kids in the inner-city who rely on the street code& ?? Use it as a form of defense to avoid being victimized. ? ?? Internalize the code and value violence and force. ? ?? Learn these norms from rap music and movies. ? ?? Are unable to turn the "code" off in different settings like work and family activities. Quiz Score:?5?out of 5 PreviousNextLast Attempt Details: Time: 10 minutes Current Score: 5 out of 5 Kept Score: 5 out of 5 2 Attempts so far

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