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    Question.4034 -  Read the case of Katzenbach v. McClung with an eye towards identify the particular Commerce Clause issue involved in the case,  This Landmark Supreme Court case challenges you to understand how the Commerce Clause became a primary, constitutional vehicle for civil rights in the U.S. and to consider more closely the role of the Supreme Court's powers of interpreting the Constitution.   After reviewing the case, respond to the questions set forth below.  Feel free to review the resources on Canvas, such as the video presentation entitled “How to Read a Case: And Understand What it Means.”• Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964)(Links to an external site.) ASSIGNED QUESTIONS: 1) What type of subject matter jurisdiction enabled the parties to bring their case in federal court?  [Review the concept of "subject matter jurisdiction" from Ch. 2 prior to answering the question.]2) To what extent did the District Court find that the Commerce Clause, as an express grant of power to regulate interstate commerce, could be applied to regulate such commerce?  In other words, what type of nexus or relationship did the District Court say must exist between the local activities of the business and interstate commerce in order to justify the imposition of federal, Congressional power upon a business like Ollie's Barbecue?  3)  What was the "close tie to interstate commerce" that the Supreme Court found was sufficient and conclusive to extend the far-reaching "commerce" power of Congress and the Civil Rights Act to a local business like Ollie's Barbeque in this case? 4) Consider the plight of a small, local business owner today and the perspective of Ollie's Barbecue that he has the right to conduct his business in what he deemed to be a profitable manner free from interference by the federal government. Do you think the Supreme Court reached a "fair and just" result in applying the Commerce Clause to an intrastate business such as Ollie's Barbeque?  Explain. 

    Answer Below:

    What xxxx of xxxxxxx matter xxxxxxxxxxxx enabled xxx parties xx bring xxxxx case xx federal xxxxx nbsp xxxxxx the xxxxxxx of xxxxxxx matter xxxxxxxxxxxx from xx prior xx answering xxx question xxx U x Constitution's xxxxxxxx Clause xxxxx gives xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx served xx the xxxxx for xxx subject xxxxxx jurisdiction xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxx to xxxx this xxxxxxx in xxxxxxx court xxx issue xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxx II xx the xxxxx Rights xxx of xxxxx forbids xxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxxxxxx that xxx open xx the xxxxxx like xxxxxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx was xxxxxxx Congress xxx regulate xxxxxxx Barbecue x small xxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxx discrimination xxxxx being xxxxxxx in x single xxxxx under xxx Commerce xxxxxx The xxxx was xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx courts xxxxx it xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxx of x federal xxxxxxx the xxxxx Rights xxx and xxx it xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx commerce xx a xxxxxx federal xxx correctly xxxxxxxxxxx subject xxxxxx jurisdiction xx what xxxxxx did xxx District xxxxx find xxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xx an xxxxxxx grant xx power xx regulate xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxxx be xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx such xxxxxxxx nbsp xx other xxxxx what xxxx of xxxxx or xxxxxxxxxxxx did xxx District xxxxx say xxxx exist xxxxxxx the xxxxx activities xx the xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx commerce xx order xx justify xxx imposition xx federal xxxxxxxxxxxxx power xxxx a xxxxxxxx like xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxx The xxxxxxxx Court xxxxx that xxx Congress xx regulate xxxxxxx Barbecue's xxxxx operations xxxxx the xxxxx Clause xxxxx had xx be x significant xxxxxxxxxx or xxxxx between xxxx and xxxxxxxxxx trade xx particular xxx District xxxxx concluded xxxx even xxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx was x local xxxxxxxxxx its xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxx goods xxxx it x substantial xxxx to xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxxx Barbecue xxx a xxxxxxxxx of x wider xxxxxxxxxx market xxx products xxxx beyond xxxxxxx including xxxx and xxxxx food xxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx Court xxxxxxxx that xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx operations xxxxxxxx interstate xxxxx Congress xxxxx regulate xx since xx was x part xx this xxxxxxx stream xx interstate xxxxxxxx Therefore xxx company's xxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxx larger xxxxxxxxxx economic xxxxxxxx was xxx nexus xxxxxxxxx for xxxxxxx control xxxx What xxx the xxxxx tie xx interstate xxxxxxxx that xxx Supreme xxxxx found xxx sufficient xxx conclusive xx extend xxx far-reaching xxxxxxxx power xx Congress xxx the xxxxx Rights xxx to x local xxxxxxxx like xxxxxxx Barbeque xx this xxxx Because xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxxxx a xxxxx amount xx its xxxx especially xxxx from xxxxxxx the xxxxx the xxxxxxx Court xxxxxxxxxx that xxxx had x close xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxx restaurant's xxxxxxxx of xxxxx from xxxxxxxxxx sources xxx a xxxxxx effect xx interstate xxxxxxxx the xxxxx found xxxx though xx was x local xxxxxxxx Because xxxxxxxxxxxxxx by xxxx facilities xxxxx deter xxxxxxxxxx travel xxx impact xxx national xxxx of xxxxxxxx the xxxxx reasoned xxxx the xxxxx Rights xxx was xxxxxxxxxxxx applied xx the xxxxxxxxxx under xxx Commerce xxxxxx By xxxxxxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxx has xxx power xx regulate xxx conduct xxxx significantly xxxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx even xx it xxxxxxxxx seems xxxxx the xxxxxxx ruling xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxx Commerce xxxxxx This xxxxxx upheld xxx broad xxxxx of xxxxxxxxx authority xxxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xxx confirmed xxxx it xxx lawful xxx Congress xx regulate xxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxx accommodations xxxxxxxx the xxxxxx of x small xxxxx business xxxxx today xxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxx he xxx the xxxxx to xxxxxxx his xxxxxxxx in xxxx he xxxxxx to xx a xxxxxxxxxx manner xxxx from xxxxxxxxxxxx by xxx federal xxxxxxxxxx Do xxx think xxx Supreme xxxxx reached x fair xxx just xxxxxx in xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xx an xxxxxxxxxx business xxxx as xxxxxxx Barbeque xxxx Explain xxxx Today's xxxxx local xxxxxxxx owners xxx be xxxxxxxxx about xxx federal xxxxxxxxxxxx power xx establish xxxxx governing xxxxx operations xxx owner xx Ollie's xxxxxxxx contended xxxx his xxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx success xxxxxxxx on xxx ability xx operate xxx company xxxxxxxxxx and xxxx from xxxxxxx intervention xxxxxxx the xxxxx decided xxxx because xxxxxxxxxxxxxx practices xx public xxxxxxxxxxxxxx had xxxxx ramifications xxx civil xxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxxxx could xxxxxxxx them xxxxx its xxxxxxxxx under xxx trade xxxxxx The xxxxxxx ruling xxxxxxx the xxxx that xxx federal xxxxxxxxxx has x right xx guarantee xxxxx access xxx prohibit xxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxxxxxx that xxxxxxx or xxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx nbsp x think xxx Supreme xxxxxxx decision xx this xxxx was xxxxxxxxxx and xxxx The xxxxxx was xxxxxxx on xxx idea xxxx companies xxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxx be xxxxxxxx by xxxxxxx law xxx that xxxxx rights xxxxxxxxxxx must xx extended xxxxxx state xxxxx The xxxxxxx decision xxxxxxxxxx how xxxxxxx it xx to xxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxxxxx doesn't xxxxxx people's xxxxxx or xxxxxxxx the xxxx flow xx business xxxxx business xxxxxx may xxxxxxx that xxxxxxx restrictions xxxxxxxx their xxxxxxxxxxxx yet xxxxxxxxxx participation xxx warranted xxx to xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx broader xxxxxx and xxxxxxxx effects xxx Court xxxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxx interest xxx private xxxxxxxxxx rights xxxxxxxxxx advancing xxx objective xx guaranteeing xxxxxxxxx treatment xxx all xxxxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx What xxxx of xxxxxxx matter xxxxxxxxxxxx enabled xxx parties xx bring xxxxx case xx federal xxxxx nbsp xxxxxx the xxxxxxx of xxxxxxx matter xxxxxxxxxxxx from xx prior xx answering xxx question xxx U x Constitution's xxxxxxxx Clause xxxxx gives xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx served xx the xxxxx for xxx subject xxxxxx jurisdiction xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxx to xxxx this xxxxxxx in xxxxxxx court xxx issue xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxx II xx the xxxxx Rights xxx of xxxxx forbids xxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxxxxxx that xxx open xx the xxxxxx like xxxxxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx was xxxxxxx Congress xxx regulate xxxxxxx Barbecue x small xxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxx discrimination xxxxx being xxxxxxx in x single xxxxx under xxx Commerce xxxxxx The xxxx was xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx courts xxxxx it xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxx of x federal xxxxxxx the xxxxx Rights xxx and xxx it xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx commerce xx a xxxxxx federal xxx correctly xxxxxxxxxxx subject xxxxxx jurisdiction xx what xxxxxx did xxx District xxxxx find xxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xx an xxxxxxx grant xx power xx regulate xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxxx be xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx such xxxxxxxx nbsp xx other xxxxx what xxxx of xxxxx or xxxxxxxxxxxx did xxx District xxxxx say xxxx exist xxxxxxx the xxxxx activities xx the xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx commerce xx order xx justify xxx imposition xx federal xxxxxxxxxxxxx power xxxx a xxxxxxxx like xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxx The xxxxxxxx Court xxxxx that xxx Congress xx regulate xxxxxxx Barbecue's xxxxx operations xxxxx the xxxxx Clause xxxxx had xx be x significant xxxxxxxxxx or xxxxx between xxxx and xxxxxxxxxx trade xx particular xxx District xxxxx concluded xxxx even xxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx was x local xxxxxxxxxx its xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxx goods xxxx it x substantial xxxx to xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxxx Barbecue xxx a xxxxxxxxx of x wider xxxxxxxxxx market xxx products xxxx beyond xxxxxxx including xxxx and xxxxx food xxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx Court xxxxxxxx that xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx operations xxxxxxxx interstate xxxxx Congress xxxxx regulate xx since xx was x part xx this xxxxxxx stream xx interstate xxxxxxxx Therefore xxx company's xxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxx larger xxxxxxxxxx economic xxxxxxxx was xxx nexus xxxxxxxxx for xxxxxxx control xxxx What xxx the xxxxx tie xx interstate xxxxxxxx that xxx Supreme xxxxx found xxx sufficient xxx conclusive xx extend xxx far-reaching xxxxxxxx power xx Congress xxx the xxxxx Rights xxx to x local xxxxxxxx like xxxxxxx Barbeque xx this xxxx Because xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxxxx a xxxxx amount xx its xxxx especially xxxx from xxxxxxx the xxxxx the xxxxxxx Court xxxxxxxxxx that xxxx had x close xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxx restaurant's xxxxxxxx of xxxxx from xxxxxxxxxx sources xxx a xxxxxx effect xx interstate xxxxxxxx the xxxxx found xxxx though xx was x local xxxxxxxx Because xxxxxxxxxxxxxx by xxxx facilities xxxxx deter xxxxxxxxxx travel xxx impact xxx national xxxx of xxxxxxxx the xxxxx reasoned xxxx the xxxxx Rights xxx was xxxxxxxxxxxx applied xx the xxxxxxxxxx under xxx Commerce xxxxxx By xxxxxxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxx has xxx power xx regulate xxx conduct xxxx significantly xxxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx even xx it xxxxxxxxx seems xxxxx the xxxxxxx ruling xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxx Commerce xxxxxx This xxxxxx upheld xxx broad xxxxx of xxxxxxxxx authority xxxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xxx confirmed xxxx it xxx lawful xxx Congress xx regulate xxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxx accommodations xxxxxxxx the xxxxxx of x small xxxxx business xxxxx today xxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxx he xxx the xxxxx to xxxxxxx his xxxxxxxx in xxxx he xxxxxx to xx a xxxxxxxxxx manner xxxx from xxxxxxxxxxxx by xxx federal xxxxxxxxxx Do xxx think xxx Supreme xxxxx reached x fair xxx just xxxxxx in xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xx an xxxxxxxxxx business xxxx as xxxxxxx Barbeque xxxx Explain xxxx Today's xxxxx local xxxxxxxx owners xxx be xxxxxxxxx about xxx federal xxxxxxxxxxxx power xx establish xxxxx governing xxxxx operations xxx owner xx Ollie's xxxxxxxx contended xxxx his xxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx success xxxxxxxx on xxx ability xx operate xxx company xxxxxxxxxx and xxxx from xxxxxxx intervention xxxxxxx the xxxxx decided xxxx because xxxxxxxxxxxxxx practices xx public xxxxxxxxxxxxxx had xxxxx ramifications xxx civil xxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxxxx could xxxxxxxx them xxxxx its xxxxxxxxx under xxx trade xxxxxx The xxxxxxx ruling xxxxxxx the xxxx that xxx federal xxxxxxxxxx has x right xx guarantee xxxxx access xxx prohibit xxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxxxxxx that xxxxxxx or xxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx nbsp x think xxx Supreme xxxxxxx decision xx this xxxx was xxxxxxxxxx and xxxx The xxxxxx was xxxxxxx on xxx idea xxxx companies xxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxx be xxxxxxxx by xxxxxxx law xxx that xxxxx rights xxxxxxxxxxx must xx extended xxxxxx state xxxxx The xxxxxxx decision xxxxxxxxxx how xxxxxxx it xx to xxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxxxxx doesn't xxxxxx people's xxxxxx or xxxxxxxx the xxxx flow xx business xxxxx business xxxxxx may xxxxxxx that xxxxxxx restrictions xxxxxxxx their xxxxxxxxxxxx yet xxxxxxxxxx participation xxx warranted xxx to xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx broader xxxxxx and xxxxxxxx effects xxx Court xxxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxx interest xxx private xxxxxxxxxx rights xxxxxxxxxx advancing xxx objective xx guaranteeing xxxxxxxxx treatment xxx all xxxxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx type xx subject xxxxxx jurisdiction xxxxxxx the xxxxxxx to xxxxx their xxxx in xxxxxxx court xxxx Review xxx concept xx subject xxxxxx jurisdiction xxxx Ch xxxxx to xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx The x S xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Commerce xxxxxx which xxxxx Congress xxx authority xx control xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxxxx as xxx basis xxx the xxxxxxx matter xxxxxxxxxxxx allowing xxx parties xx file xxxx lawsuit xx federal xxxxx The xxxxx concerned xxx interpretation xxx implementation xx Title xx of xxx Civil xxxxxx Act xx which xxxxxxx discrimination xx establishments xxxx are xxxx to xxx public xxxx restaurants xxx question xxx whether xxxxxxxx may xxxxxxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxx a xxxxx company xxxx practiced xxxxxxxxxxxxxx while xxxxx located xx a xxxxxx state xxxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xxx case xxx under xxx jurisdiction xx federal xxxxxx since xx concerned xxx interpretation xx a xxxxxxx statute xxx Civil xxxxxx Act xxx how xx related xx interstate xxxxxxxx As x result xxxxxxx law xxxxxxxxx established xxxxxxx matter xxxxxxxxxxxx To xxxx extent xxx the xxxxxxxx Court xxxx that xxx Commerce xxxxxx as xx express xxxxx of xxxxx to xxxxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx could xx applied xx regulate xxxx commerce xxxx In xxxxx words xxxx type xx nexus xx relationship xxx the xxxxxxxx Court xxx must xxxxx between xxx local xxxxxxxxxx of xxx business xxx interstate xxxxxxxx in xxxxx to xxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx Congressional xxxxx upon x business xxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxx nbsp xxx District xxxxx ruled xxxx for xxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxxxx local xxxxxxxxxx under xxx trade xxxxxx there xxx to xx a xxxxxxxxxxx connection xx nexus xxxxxxx them xxx interstate xxxxx In xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx Court xxxxxxxxx that xxxx though xxx restaurant xxx a xxxxx enterprise xxx acquisition xx food xxxxx gave xx a xxxxxxxxxxx link xx interstate xxxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxx was x component xx a xxxxx interstate xxxxxx for xxxxxxxx from xxxxxx Alabama xxxxxxxxx pork xxx other xxxx supplies xxx District xxxxx reasoned xxxx since xxx restaurant's xxxxxxxxxx impacted xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxxxx could xxxxxxxx it xxxxx it xxx a xxxx of xxxx broader xxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx participation xx the xxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx activity xxx the xxxxx necessary xxx federal xxxxxxx nbsp xxxx was xxx close xxx to xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxx the xxxxxxx Court xxxxx was xxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxxx of xxxxxxxx and xxx Civil xxxxxx Act xx a xxxxx business xxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxx in xxxx case xxxxxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxx bought x large xxxxxx of xxx food xxxxxxxxxx pork xxxx outside xxx state xxx Supreme xxxxx determined xxxx this xxx a xxxxx connection xx interstate xxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxxxxxx purchase xx items xxxx interstate xxxxxxx had x direct xxxxxx on xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxx Court xxxxx even xxxxxx it xxx a xxxxx business xxxxxxx discrimination xx such xxxxxxxxxx could xxxxx interstate xxxxxx and xxxxxx the xxxxxxxx flow xx products xxx Court xxxxxxxx that xxx Civil xxxxxx Act xxx legitimately xxxxxxx to xxx restaurant xxxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xx highlighting xxxx Congress xxx the xxxxx to xxxxxxxx any xxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxxxx affects xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxx if xx initially xxxxx local xxx Court's xxxxxx expanded xxx application xx the xxxxxxxx Clause xxxx ruling xxxxxx the xxxxx reach xx Congress' xxxxxxxxx under xxx Commerce xxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx that xx was xxxxxx for xxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx discrimination xx public xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Consider xxx plight xx a xxxxx local xxxxxxxx owner xxxxx and xxx perspective xx Ollie's xxxxxxxx that xx has xxx right xx conduct xxx business xx what xx deemed xx be x profitable xxxxxx free xxxx interference xx the xxxxxxx government xx you xxxxx the xxxxxxx Court xxxxxxx a xxxx and xxxx result xx applying xxx Commerce xxxxxx to xx intrastate xxxxxxxx such xx Ollie's xxxxxxxx nbsp xxxxxxx nbsp xxxxxxx small xxxxx business xxxxxx may xx concerned xxxxx the xxxxxxx government's xxxxx to xxxxxxxxx rules xxxxxxxxx their xxxxxxxxxx The xxxxx of xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxxxxxxx that xxx independence xxx financial xxxxxxx depended xx his xxxxxxx to xxxxxxx his xxxxxxx profitably xxx free xxxx federal xxxxxxxxxxxx However xxx Court xxxxxxx that xxxxxxx discriminatory xxxxxxxxx in xxxxxx accommodations xxx wider xxxxxxxxxxxxx for xxxxx rights xxx interstate xxxxx Congress xxxxx regulate xxxx using xxx authority xxxxx the xxxxx Clause xxx Court's xxxxxx upholds xxx idea xxxx the xxxxxxx government xxx a xxxxx to xxxxxxxxx equal xxxxxx and xxxxxxxx discrimination xx establishments xxxx support xx impact xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxx I xxxxx the xxxxxxx Court's xxxxxxxx in xxxx case xxx reasonable xxx fair xxx ruling xxx founded xx the xxxx that xxxxxxxxx involved xx interstate xxxxx should xx governed xx federal xxx and xxxx civil xxxxxx protections xxxx be xxxxxxxx across xxxxx lines xxx Court's xxxxxxxx underlined xxx crucial xx is xx ensure xxxx discrimination xxxxxxx impair xxxxxxxx rights xx obstruct xxx free xxxx of xxxxxxxx Small xxxxxxxx owners xxx believe xxxx federal xxxxxxxxxxxx restrict xxxxx independence xxx Congress's xxxxxxxxxxxxx was xxxxxxxxx due xx discrimination's xxxxxxx social xxx economic xxxxxxx The xxxxx acknowledged xxx significance xx balancing xxx public xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxx enterprise xxxxxx eventually xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxx equitable xxxxxxxxx for xxx people xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx What xxxx of xxxxxxx matter xxxxxxxxxxxx enabled xxx parties xx bring xxxxx case xx federal xxxxx nbsp xxxxxx the xxxxxxx of xxxxxxx matter xxxxxxxxxxxx from xx prior xx answering xxx question xxx U x Constitution's xxxxxxxx Clause xxxxx gives xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx served xx the xxxxx for xxx subject xxxxxx jurisdiction xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxx to xxxx this xxxxxxx in xxxxxxx court xxx issue xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxx II xx the xxxxx Rights xxx of xxxxx forbids xxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxxxxxx that xxx open xx the xxxxxx like xxxxxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx was xxxxxxx Congress xxx regulate xxxxxxx Barbecue x small xxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxx discrimination xxxxx being xxxxxxx in x single xxxxx under xxx Commerce xxxxxx The xxxx was xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx courts xxxxx it xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxx of x federal xxxxxxx the xxxxx Rights xxx and xxx it xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx commerce xx a xxxxxx federal xxx correctly xxxxxxxxxxx subject xxxxxx jurisdiction xx what xxxxxx did xxx District xxxxx find xxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xx an xxxxxxx grant xx power xx regulate xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxxx be xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx such xxxxxxxx nbsp xx other xxxxx what xxxx of xxxxx or xxxxxxxxxxxx did xxx District xxxxx say xxxx exist xxxxxxx the xxxxx activities xx the xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx commerce xx order xx justify xxx imposition xx federal xxxxxxxxxxxxx power xxxx a xxxxxxxx like xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxx The xxxxxxxx Court xxxxx that xxx Congress xx regulate xxxxxxx Barbecue's xxxxx operations xxxxx the xxxxx Clause xxxxx had xx be x significant xxxxxxxxxx or xxxxx between xxxx and xxxxxxxxxx trade xx particular xxx District xxxxx concluded xxxx even xxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx was x local xxxxxxxxxx its xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxx goods xxxx it x substantial xxxx to xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxxx Barbecue xxx a xxxxxxxxx of x wider xxxxxxxxxx market xxx products xxxx beyond xxxxxxx including xxxx and xxxxx food xxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx Court xxxxxxxx that xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx operations xxxxxxxx interstate xxxxx Congress xxxxx regulate xx since xx was x part xx this xxxxxxx stream xx interstate xxxxxxxx Therefore xxx company's xxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxx larger xxxxxxxxxx economic xxxxxxxx was xxx nexus xxxxxxxxx for xxxxxxx control xxxx What xxx the xxxxx tie xx interstate xxxxxxxx that xxx Supreme xxxxx found xxx sufficient xxx conclusive xx extend xxx far-reaching xxxxxxxx power xx Congress xxx the xxxxx Rights xxx to x local xxxxxxxx like xxxxxxx Barbeque xx this xxxx Because xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxxxx a xxxxx amount xx its xxxx especially xxxx from xxxxxxx the xxxxx the xxxxxxx Court xxxxxxxxxx that xxxx had x close xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxx restaurant's xxxxxxxx of xxxxx from xxxxxxxxxx sources xxx a xxxxxx effect xx interstate xxxxxxxx the xxxxx found xxxx though xx was x local xxxxxxxx Because xxxxxxxxxxxxxx by xxxx facilities xxxxx deter xxxxxxxxxx travel xxx impact xxx national xxxx of xxxxxxxx the xxxxx reasoned xxxx the xxxxx Rights xxx was xxxxxxxxxxxx applied xx the xxxxxxxxxx under xxx Commerce xxxxxx By xxxxxxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxx has xxx power xx regulate xxx conduct xxxx significantly xxxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx even xx it xxxxxxxxx seems xxxxx the xxxxxxx ruling xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxx Commerce xxxxxx This xxxxxx upheld xxx broad xxxxx of xxxxxxxxx authority xxxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xxx confirmed xxxx it xxx lawful xxx Congress xx regulate xxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxx accommodations xxxxxxxx the xxxxxx of x small xxxxx business xxxxx today xxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxx he xxx the xxxxx to xxxxxxx his xxxxxxxx in xxxx he xxxxxx to xx a xxxxxxxxxx manner xxxx from xxxxxxxxxxxx by xxx federal xxxxxxxxxx Do xxx think xxx Supreme xxxxx reached x fair xxx just xxxxxx in xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xx an xxxxxxxxxx business xxxx as xxxxxxx Barbeque xxxx Explain xxxx Today's xxxxx local xxxxxxxx owners xxx be xxxxxxxxx about xxx federal xxxxxxxxxxxx power xx establish xxxxx governing xxxxx operations xxx owner xx Ollie's xxxxxxxx contended xxxx his xxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx success xxxxxxxx on xxx ability xx operate xxx company xxxxxxxxxx and xxxx from xxxxxxx intervention xxxxxxx the xxxxx decided xxxx because xxxxxxxxxxxxxx practices xx public xxxxxxxxxxxxxx had xxxxx ramifications xxx civil xxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxxxx could xxxxxxxx them xxxxx its xxxxxxxxx under xxx trade xxxxxx The xxxxxxx ruling xxxxxxx the xxxx that xxx federal xxxxxxxxxx has x right xx guarantee xxxxx access xxx prohibit xxxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxxxxxx that xxxxxxx or xxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx nbsp x think xxx Supreme xxxxxxx decision xx this xxxx was xxxxxxxxxx and xxxx The xxxxxx was xxxxxxx on xxx idea xxxx companies xxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxx be xxxxxxxx by xxxxxxx law xxx that xxxxx rights xxxxxxxxxxx must xx extended xxxxxx state xxxxx The xxxxxxx decision xxxxxxxxxx how xxxxxxx it xx to xxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxxxxx doesn't xxxxxx people's xxxxxx or xxxxxxxx the xxxx flow xx business xxxxx business xxxxxx may xxxxxxx that xxxxxxx restrictions xxxxxxxx their xxxxxxxxxxxx yet xxxxxxxxxx participation xxx warranted xxx to xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx broader xxxxxx and xxxxxxxx effects xxx Court xxxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxx interest xxx private xxxxxxxxxx rights xxxxxxxxxx advancing xxx objective xx guaranteeing xxxxxxxxx treatment xxx all xxxxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx type xx subject xxxxxx jurisdiction xxxxxxx the xxxxxxx to xxxxx their xxxx in xxxxxxx court xxxx Review xxx concept xx subject xxxxxx jurisdiction xxxx Ch xxxxx to xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx The x S xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Commerce xxxxxx which xxxxx Congress xxx authority xx control xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxxxx as xxx basis xxx the xxxxxxx matter xxxxxxxxxxxx allowing xxx parties xx file xxxx lawsuit xx federal xxxxx The xxxxx concerned xxx interpretation xxx implementation xx Title xx of xxx Civil xxxxxx Act xx which xxxxxxx discrimination xx establishments xxxx are xxxx to xxx public xxxx restaurants xxx question xxx whether xxxxxxxx may xxxxxxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxx a xxxxx company xxxx practiced xxxxxxxxxxxxxx while xxxxx located xx a xxxxxx state xxxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xxx case xxx under xxx jurisdiction xx federal xxxxxx since xx concerned xxx interpretation xx a xxxxxxx statute xxx Civil xxxxxx Act xxx how xx related xx interstate xxxxxxxx As x result xxxxxxx law xxxxxxxxx established xxxxxxx matter xxxxxxxxxxxx To xxxx extent xxx the xxxxxxxx Court xxxx that xxx Commerce xxxxxx as xx express xxxxx of xxxxx to xxxxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx could xx applied xx regulate xxxx commerce xxxx In xxxxx words xxxx type xx nexus xx relationship xxx the xxxxxxxx Court xxx must xxxxx between xxx local xxxxxxxxxx of xxx business xxx interstate xxxxxxxx in xxxxx to xxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx Congressional xxxxx upon x business xxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxx nbsp xxx District xxxxx ruled xxxx for xxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxxxx local xxxxxxxxxx under xxx trade xxxxxx there xxx to xx a xxxxxxxxxxx connection xx nexus xxxxxxx them xxx interstate xxxxx In xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx Court xxxxxxxxx that xxxx though xxx restaurant xxx a xxxxx enterprise xxx acquisition xx food xxxxx gave xx a xxxxxxxxxxx link xx interstate xxxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxx was x component xx a xxxxx interstate xxxxxx for xxxxxxxx from xxxxxx Alabama xxxxxxxxx pork xxx other xxxx supplies xxx District xxxxx reasoned xxxx since xxx restaurant's xxxxxxxxxx impacted xxxxxxxxxx trade xxxxxxxx could xxxxxxxx it xxxxx it xxx a xxxx of xxxx broader xxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx participation xx the xxxxxx interstate xxxxxxxx activity xxx the xxxxx necessary xxx federal xxxxxxx nbsp xxxx was xxx close xxx to xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxx the xxxxxxx Court xxxxx was xxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxxx of xxxxxxxx and xxx Civil xxxxxx Act xx a xxxxx business xxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxx in xxxx case xxxxxxx Ollie's xxxxxxxx bought x large xxxxxx of xxx food xxxxxxxxxx pork xxxx outside xxx state xxx Supreme xxxxx determined xxxx this xxx a xxxxx connection xx interstate xxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxxxxxx purchase xx items xxxx interstate xxxxxxx had x direct xxxxxx on xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxx Court xxxxx even xxxxxx it xxx a xxxxx business xxxxxxx discrimination xx such xxxxxxxxxx could xxxxx interstate xxxxxx and xxxxxx the xxxxxxxx flow xx products xxx Court xxxxxxxx that xxx Civil xxxxxx Act xxx legitimately xxxxxxx to xxx restaurant xxxxx the xxxxxxxx Clause xx highlighting xxxx Congress xxx the xxxxx to xxxxxxxx any xxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxxxx affects xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxx if xx initially xxxxx local xxx Court's xxxxxx expanded xxx application xx the xxxxxxxx Clause xxxx ruling xxxxxx the xxxxx reach xx Congress' xxxxxxxxx under xxx Commerce xxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx that xx was xxxxxx for xxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx discrimination xx public xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Consider xxx plight xx a xxxxx local xxxxxxxx owner xxxxx and xxx perspective xx Ollie's xxxxxxxx that xx has xxx right xx conduct xxx business xx what xx deemed xx be x profitable xxxxxx free xxxx interference xx the xxxxxxx government xx you xxxxx the xxxxxxx Court xxxxxxx a xxxx and xxxx result xx applying xxx Commerce xxxxxx to xx intrastate xxxxxxxx such xx Ollie's xxxxxxxx nbsp xxxxxxx nbsp xxxxxxx small xxxxx business xxxxxx may xx concerned xxxxx the xxxxxxx government's xxxxx to xxxxxxxxx rules xxxxxxxxx their xxxxxxxxxx The xxxxx of xxxxxxx Barbecue xxxxxxxxx that xxx independence xxx financial xxxxxxx depended xx his xxxxxxx to xxxxxxx his xxxxxxx profitably xxx free xxxx federal xxxxxxxxxxxx However xxx Court xxxxxxx that xxxxxxx discriminatory xxxxxxxxx in xxxxxx accommodations xxx wider xxxxxxxxxxxxx for xxxxx rights xxx interstate xxxxx Congress xxxxx regulate xxxx using xxx authority xxxxx the xxxxx Clause xxx Court's xxxxxx upholds xxx idea xxxx the xxxxxxx government xxx a xxxxx to xxxxxxxxx equal xxxxxx and xxxxxxxx discrimination xx establishments xxxx support xx impact xxxxxxxxxx commerce xxxx I xxxxx the xxxxxxx Court's xxxxxxxx in xxxx case xxx reasonable xxx fair xxx ruling xxx founded xx the xxxx that xxxxxxxxx involved xx interstate xxxxx should xx governed xx federal xxx and xxxx civil xxxxxx protections xxxx be xxxxxxxx across xxxxx lines xxx Court's xxxxxxxx underlined xxx crucial xx is xx ensure xxxx discrimination xxxxxxx impair xxxxxxxx rights xx obstruct xxx free xxxx of xxxxxxxx Small xxxxxxxx owners xxx believe xxxx federal xxxxxxxxxxxx restrict xxxxx independence xxx Congress's xxxxxxxxxxxxx was xxxxxxxxx due xx discrimination's xxxxxxx social xxx economic xxxxxxx The xxxxx acknowledged xxx significance xx balancing xxx public xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxx enterprise xxxxxx eventually xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxx equitable xxxxxxxxx for xxx people xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx nbsp xxxx

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