Pre-Lab QuestionsIf moving charges create a magnetic field explain how a permanent magnet has a 4775- CoachOnCouch

PHYS 253 Physics Lab for Engineers

Question.4775 - Pre-Lab QuestionsIf moving charges create a magnetic field, explain how a permanent magnet has a magnetic field.A permanent magnet produces a magnetic field due to the quantum mechanical property of electron spin and the alignment of magnetic domains, while ferromagnetic materials unpaired electron spins in atoms align within regions called domains. However, when these domains align macroscopically the net result is a persistent magnetic dipole field, even in the absence of macroscopic current.If a current carrying wire is coming out of the page at you (Figure 4), what direction is the magnetic field going?Figure 4: A cross-section of a current carrying wire coming out of the page is depicted by the circle with a dot.Utilizing the right-hand rule pointing the right-hand thumb in the direction of the current (out of the page), and curled fingers show the magnetic field's direction, implying that the magnetic field circulates counterclockwise around the wire.Use the equation for magnetic force on a moving charge to derive the equation for magnetic force on a current carrying wire. Show your work.The Lorentz force on a moving charge is F=qv*B, in a conductor several charges are moving, considering the wire of length (L), carrying current (I), if n is the number of charges carries per unit volumes each with charge q and they move with drift velocity vd then I=nqAvd, where A is the cross-sectional area of the wire.While the total force on all charges in volume V=ALF=nALqVd*BSubstituting I=nqAvd, F=IL*BExperiment 1: magnet behaviorData SheetTable 1: Single Magnet Interaction BehaviorMagnet SidesObservationsA1 to B1Repelled â like poles facing each other (e.g., north to north) produce a repulsive magnetic force.A1 to B2Attracted â opposite poles facing each other (e.g., north to south) generate an attractive force.A2 to B2Repelled â like poles again (e.g., south to south), creating repulsion.A2 to B1Attracted â opposite poles (e.g., south to north), hence attraction occurs.Table 2: Stacked Magnet Interaction BehaviorInteractionObservationsA1 to Metal SurfaceAttracted â metal (likely iron) becomes magnetized, allowing attraction regardless of polarity.A1 to StackRepelled â same poles face each other, resulting in repulsion.A2 to Metal SurfaceAttracted â again, due to induced magnetization in metal surface.A2 to StackAttracted â opposite poles cause attraction.Post-Lab QuestionsThe stack of magnets works as one, large bar magnet. When one magnet was removed from the stack did the magnetic poles change? Use your results to support your answer.No, every individual magnet retains its north and south pole, while removing one magnet from a stack does not alter its intrinsic magnetic dipole moment, because it is a property of the material's domain structure.Were both sides of the single magnet attracted to the metal surface? Use your results to support your answer.Likely yes, considering a ferromagnetic surface that is iron becoming magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field, whereby the field interacts with the surface regardless of the pole orientation, leading to attraction on both sides due to induced magnetization.Explain why one side of the single magnet attracted the metal surface, but repelled the stack of magnets.One side of the magnet being the north pole repels the same pole of the stacked magnet which being north, demonstrating like pole repulsion, however, the same pole can still attract the metal due to inducted opposite magnetic poles in the metallic surface.What orientation of the magnets gives the strongest repulsion or attraction? Why do you think that is the case? What must be true of the magnetic field at those locations compared to other locations around the magnet?The strongest interaction occurs whenever the opposite poles are directly aligned that is attraction or like poles are aligned repulsion, at these locations â the magnetic field is most concentrated, and the field gradient is highest, resulting in a greater force Fââ(B)If you cut a bar magnet in half, are the two halves still magnets? Explain your reasoning.Yes, each half will develop its own north/south pole due to realignment of magnetic domains, where single magnetic monopole cannot be isolated through mechanical division of a magnet. How does a magnet attract something that is originally non-magnetic? The magnetic field induces a magnetic dipole in the material through the alignment of electron orbits or spins, though the material lacks permanent magnetization, the induced dipole interacts with the external magnetic field gradient resulting in attraction.Experiment 2: Magnetic field linesPost-Lab QuestionsDescribe the direction of the compass needle as you moved it around the bar magnet. How did the needle point behave at opposite ends of the magnet? How did the distance of the compass to magnet affect the compass needleâs behavior?The needle in the compass aligned tangentially to the local magnetic field, wherein near the north pole â the needleâs northern end pointed away â while near the southern pole, it points toward. As the distance increases, the field strength decreases, and the needleâs deflection lessens.Sketch your predictions of the magnetic field lines. N | \ | / \ | / \ | / \ | /<âââââââ|âââââââ> â Field lines arcing from North to South /|\ / | \ / | \ / | \ | SSketch your observations of the magnetic field created by the iron filings. \ \ | / / \ \ | / / \ \ | / / \ \ | / / \ \ | / / \ \ | / / \ \ | / / \ \ | / / \ \ | / / \ \|/ / N====S / /|\ \ / / | \ \ / / | \ \ / / | \ \ / / | \ \ / / | \ \ / / | \ \ / / | \ \ / / | \ \ / / | \ \Describe how the actual arrangement of the iron filings (magnetic field lines) compare to your predicted magnetic field lines. The actual field lines observed through iron filings closely match theoretical predictions, implying that symmetric loops from north to south, concentrated near the poles, while minor discrepancies arise from imperfections in magnet shape or filing distribution, but the fundamental topology remains consistent.

Answer Below:

Pre-Lab xxxxxxxxxxx moving xxxxxxx create x magnetic xxxxx explain xxx a xxxxxxxxx magnet xxx a xxxxxxxx field x permanent xxxxxx produces x magnetic xxxxx due xx the xxxxxxx mechanical xxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx spin xxx the xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx domains xxxxx ferromagnetic xxxxxxxxx unpaired xxxxxxxx spins xx atoms xxxxx within xxxxxxx called xxxxxxx However xxxx these xxxxxxx align xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx the xxx result xx a xxxxxxxxxx magnetic xxxxxx field xxxx in xxx absence xx macroscopic xxxxxxx If x current xxxxxxxx wire xx coming xxx of xxx page xx you xxxxxx what xxxxxxxxx is xxx magnetic xxxxx going xxxxxx A xxxxxxxxxxxxx of x current xxxxxxxx wire xxxxxx out xx the xxxx is xxxxxxxx by xxx circle xxxx a xxx Utilizing xxx right-hand xxxx pointing xxx right-hand xxxxx in xxx direction xx the xxxxxxx out xx the xxxx and xxxxxx fingers xxxx the xxxxxxxx field's xxxxxxxxx implying xxxx the xxxxxxxx field xxxxxxxxxx counterclockwise xxxxxx the xxxx Use xxx equation xxx magnetic xxxxx on x moving xxxxxx to xxxxxx the xxxxxxxx for xxxxxxxx force xx a xxxxxxx carrying xxxx Show xxxx work xxx Lorentz xxxxx on x moving xxxxxx is x qv x in x conductor xxxxxxx charges xxx moving xxxxxxxxxxx the xxxx of xxxxxx L xxxxxxxx current x if x is xxx number xx charges xxxxxxx per xxxx volumes xxxx with xxxxxx q xxx they xxxx with xxxxx velocity xx then x nqAvd xxxxx A xx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx area xx the xxxx While xxx total xxxxx on xxx charges xx volume x ALF xxxxxx BSubstituting x nqAvd x IL xxxxxxxxxxx magnet xxxxxxxxxxxx SheetTable xxxxxx Magnet xxxxxxxxxxx BehaviorMagnet xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx to x Repelled xxxx poles xxxxxx each xxxxx e x north xx north xxxxxxx a xxxxxxxxx magnetic xxxxx A xx B xxxxxxxxx opposite xxxxx facing xxxx other x g xxxxx to xxxxx generate xx attractive xxxxx A xx B xxxxxxxx like xxxxx again x g xxxxx to xxxxx creating xxxxxxxxx A xx B xxxxxxxxx opposite xxxxx e x south xx north xxxxx attraction xxxxxx Table xxxxxxx Magnet xxxxxxxxxxx BehaviorInteractionObservationsA xx Metal xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx metal xxxxxx iron xxxxxxx magnetized xxxxxxxx attraction xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx A xx StackRepelled xxxx poles xxxx each xxxxx resulting xx repulsion x to xxxxx SurfaceAttracted xxxxx due xx induced xxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxx surface x to xxxxxxxxxxxxxx opposite xxxxx cause xxxxxxxxxx Post-Lab xxxxxxxxxxxx stack xx magnets xxxxx as xxx large xxx magnet xxxx one xxxxxx was xxxxxxx from xxx stack xxx the xxxxxxxx poles xxxxxx Use xxxx results xx support xxxx answer xx every xxxxxxxxxx magnet xxxxxxx its xxxxx and xxxxx pole xxxxx removing xxx magnet xxxx a xxxxx does xxx alter xxx intrinsic xxxxxxxx dipole xxxxxx because xx is x property xx the xxxxxxxxxx domain xxxxxxxxx Were xxxx sides xx the xxxxxx magnet xxxxxxxxx to xxx metal xxxxxxx Use xxxx results xx support xxxx answer xxxxxx yes xxxxxxxxxxx a xxxxxxxxxxxxx surface xxxx is xxxx becoming xxxxxxxxxx in xxx presence xx a xxxxxxxx field xxxxxxx the xxxxx interacts xxxx the xxxxxxx regardless xx the xxxx orientation xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx on xxxx sides xxx to xxxxxxx magnetization xxxxxxx why xxx side xx the xxxxxx magnet xxxxxxxxx the xxxxx surface xxx repelled xxx stack xx magnets xxx side xx the xxxxxx being xxx north xxxx repels xxx same xxxx of xxx stacked xxxxxx which xxxxx north xxxxxxxxxxxxx like xxxx repulsion xxxxxxx the xxxx pole xxx still xxxxxxx the xxxxx due xx inducted xxxxxxxx magnetic xxxxx in xxx metallic xxxxxxx What xxxxxxxxxxx of xxx magnets xxxxx the xxxxxxxxx repulsion xx attraction xxx do xxx think xxxx is xxx case xxxx must xx true xx the xxxxxxxx field xx those xxxxxxxxx compared xx other xxxxxxxxx around xxx magnet xxx strongest xxxxxxxxxxx occurs xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx poles xxx directly xxxxxxx that xx attraction xx like xxxxx are xxxxxxx repulsion xx these xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx field xx most xxxxxxxxxxxx and xxx field xxxxxxxx is xxxxxxx resulting xx a xxxxxxx force x B xx you xxx a xxx magnet xx half xxx the xxx halves xxxxx magnets xxxxxxx your xxxxxxxxx Yes xxxx half xxxx develop xxx own xxxxx south xxxx due xx realignment xx magnetic xxxxxxx where xxxxxx magnetic xxxxxxxx cannot xx isolated xxxxxxx mechanical xxxxxxxx of x magnet xxx does x magnet xxxxxxx something xxxx is xxxxxxxxxx non-magnetic xxx magnetic xxxxx induces x magnetic xxxxxx in xxx material xxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx orbits xx spins xxxxxx the xxxxxxxx lacks xxxxxxxxx magnetization xxx induced xxxxxx interacts xxxx the xxxxxxxx magnetic xxxxx gradient xxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxx Experiment xxxxxxxx field xxxxxxxxxxxxx QuestionsDescribe xxx direction xx the xxxxxxx needle xx you xxxxx it xxxxxx the xxx magnet xxx did xxx needle xxxxx behave xx opposite xxxx of xxx magnet xxx did xxx distance xx the xxxxxxx to xxxxxx affect xxx compass xxxxxx s xxxxxxxx The xxxxxx in xxx compass xxxxxxx tangentially xx the xxxxx magnetic xxxxx wherein xxxx the xxxxx pole xxx needle x northern xxx pointed xxxx while xxxx the xxxxxxxx pole xx points xxxxxx As xxx distance xxxxxxxxx the xxxxx strength xxxxxxxxx and xxx needle x deflection xxxxxxx Sketch xxxx predictions xx the xxxxxxxx field xxxxx N xxxxx lines xxxxxx from xxxxx to xxxxx SSketch xxxx observations xx the xxxxxxxx field xxxxxxx by xxx iron xxxxxxx N x Describe xxx the xxxxxx arrangement xx the xxxx filings xxxxxxxx field xxxxx compare xx your xxxxxxxxx magnetic xxxxx lines xxx actual xxxxx lines xxxxxxxx through xxxx filings xxxxxxx match xxxxxxxxxxx predictions xxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxx loops xxxx north xx south xxxxxxxxxxxx near xxx poles xxxxx minor xxxxxxxxxxxxx arise xxxx imperfections xx magnet xxxxx or xxxxxx distribution xxx the xxxxxxxxxxx topology xxxxxxx consistent