Question.4254 - Names: __________Date: __________Experiment 9: Batteries, Bulbs, and Current (online version)OVERVIEWIn this lab you’ll look at some of the basics of electric current, and develop a model of how current flows in (or around) a circuit.PROCEDURE1. Figure out the conditions needed to light a light bulb.57548483240100Use the simulation at https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuit-construction-kit-dc.Click on “Lab”. Uncheck the box that says “Show Current”. Drag one bulb, one battery, and several wires to the center of the screen. To connect different objects, drag one object until its dotted circle overlaps the dotted circle on a different object. To disconnect two objects, click on the junction and then click on the scissors that appear. To delete an object, click on the object and then click on the trashcan that appears.Examine the light bulb. Try several different configurations to connect the bulb, battery, and wires. For example, if you use the arrangement shown here, does the bulb light up? Sketch below at least two different arrangements that allow the bulb to light. (Note: if you wish, you may hand-draw your sketches, then photograph them and include them here. Or, you may use the editor’s Drawing features directly within this document.)Screenshot/Photo:Sketch below at least two different arrangements that do not allow the bulb to light. Are any of them dangerous (and if so, what is your reason for thinking that they might be dangerous)? Screenshot/Photo:Suppose you want to explain to someone else in class how to make the bulb light up. Write down a set of the most general “rules” you can, describing the conditions that are required to make a bulb light. Response: __________Try putting objects between the battery and the bulb. Set up the wires, battery, and bulb so that the bulb lights. On the left side of the screen, press the down arrow underneath the switch to see lots of different materials, such as a dollar bill, coin, paper clip, eraser, dog. Try placing different materials in between the bulb and the wire to see which types of materials allow the battery to light the bulb and which types don't. Since it seems that something flows from the battery to the bulb, we refer to materials that allow this flow as conductors and those that don't as non-conductors.List the materials that allow the bulb to light.Response: __________List the materials that prevent the bulb from lighting.Response: __________5122769209176002. Add a switch to your circuit.Predict what will happen if you connect a switch as shown at right. Will the bulb light with the switch closed? With the switch open? (BTW, most non-English speaking cultures use those two terms, Closed and Open to indicate whether a switch is connected or not. Cool, huh?... Though it’s a bit disconcerting, since we typically associate “Open” with “On” instead of “Off”.)Response: __________190500052133500Set up the circuit within the simulation. Was your prediction correct? Explain why or why not.Response: __________3. Design your own circuit.Design a circuit for a string of Christmas tree lights. The circuit should be set up so that one bulb can burn out without the others being affected. Use three bulbs. When your circuit is set up, you should be able to remove any of the bulbs without the other bulbs going out. Draw a sketch of your circuit below. Be sure that your sketch makes it clear where all circuit connections are made.Screenshot/Photo:Next you will draw your string of Christmas tree lights as a Circuit Diagram. A circuit diagram is a way of summarizing connections in a simplified form so that it is easier to read. Connecting wires are symbolized by straight lines. The symbols for some basic circuit elements are shown in the summary box below. So, for example, a simple circuit of the previous example can be represented as shown here:108222147683Now draw a circuit diagram for your Christmas tree lights. Make it as simple and neat as possible. Remember that the diagram is not a picture of your circuit, but a simplified summary of all of the connections. Draw your circuit so that no wires cross each other.Screenshot/Photo:4. Design a circuit with a double-throw switch.A double-throw switch (as shown in the summary box) allows the current in a circuit to switch between two possible pathways. You can make a double-throw switch in the program by using four wires set up as shown below. The middle wire can either be connected to the top wire (position A), or to the bottom wire (position B), thus forming a double-throw switch.Design a circuit so that when the double-throw switch is position A, one light bulb lights up. And when the double-throw switch is in position B, two light bulbs light up. Show your instructor your circuit, and draw the circuit in the space below.5. Design two more circuits.Put together both of the circuits described below. On a separate sheet, draw circuit diagrams for each of the two circuits. Make sure that the connections are clear. Then take a photo of your circuits and attach them at the end of this document.a) Design a circuit with three bulbs and two double-throw switches. The bulbs are placed at intervals along the wall of a tunnel. The switches are located halfway between the lights. As a person walks through the tunnel, when they throw the first switch, the first light turns off and the middle light turns on. When they throw the second switch, the middle light turns off and the third light turns on. b) Design a circuit with two bulbs and two single-throw switches to simulate a door signal for a deaf person. When the “Front Door” switch is pressed, one bulb should light. When the “Back Door” switch is pressed, both bulbs should light.

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