Question.4208 - SOCI 5314 Assignment 1  1. For each of the following variables, provide an operational definition at the interval or ratio level and one at the nominal or ordinal level. An “operational definition†of a variable/concept refers to how a researcher “measures†the variable/concept in the study. For example, we often use a student’s GPA (operation definition) to measure a student’s academic accomplishment (variable). (19 points) a. social class b. disability status c. mental health d. obesity  2. Explain whether each of the following statements is based on descriptive statistics or inferential statistics. (15 points) a. According to the Gallup Poll, about 81 percent of American adults said that there is plenty of opportunity and anyone who works hard can go as far as they want. b. The homeless constitute one-tenth of the population in poverty in Chicago. c. As of January 1, 2014, there were more than 14.5 million cancer survivors living in the United States.  3. For each research situation below, identify a) the research design, b) the independent and dependent variables, c) the unit of analysis, d) sample size, e) population, and f) an appropriate analytical/statistical technique: (48 points) a. A graduate student is studying sexual harassment on college campus and asks a simple random sample of 500 female students if they personally have experienced any such incidents. The researcher also gathers data on age, GPA, and racial background to see if there is any connection between these variables and experience of sexual harassment (measured by yes or no).  b. A health psychologist is interested in whether fear motivation is effective in reducing the incidence of smoking. Forty adult smokers are selected from individuals residing in the city in which the psychologist works. Twenty are asked to smoke a cigarette, after which they see a gruesome film about how smoking causes cancer. Vivid pictures of the deceased smokers are shown in an effort to instill fear of smoking in these subjects. The other group receives the same treatment, except they see a neutral film that is unrelated to smoking. For 2 months after showing the film, the experimenter keeps records on the number of cigarettes smoked daily by the participants.  4. Identify the level of measurement (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) for questions in the following student survey. (18 points) a) What is your birthdate? _________________ b) How would you classify your academic performance? Are you ___ an excellent, mostly “As†student ___ a good, mostly “Bs†student ___ an average, mostly “Cs†student ___ a below average, mostly “Ds†student  c) On average, how many cigarettes per day do you smoke? _______ d) If you are a smoker, how many cigarettes do you tend to smoke on an average day? ___per day  e) What is your weight?  f) Your age: ___ Younger than 20 ___ 20-29 ___ 30-39 ___ 40-49 ___ 50-59 ___ 60-69 ___ 70 or older
Answer Below:
SOCI xxxxxxxxxx nbsp xxx each xx the xxxxxxxxx variables xxxxxxx an xxxxxxxxxxx definition xx the xxxxxxxx or xxxxx level xxx one xx the xxxxxxx or xxxxxxx level xx ldquo xxxxxxxxxxx definition xxxxx of x variable xxxxxxx refers xx how x researcher xxxxx measures xxxxx the xxxxxxxx concept xx the xxxxx For xxxxxxx we xxxxx use x student xxxxx s xxx operation xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxx a xxxxxxx rsquo x academic xxxxxxxxxxxxxx variable xxxxxx a xxxxxx class xxxxx Interval xxxx is xxx annual xxxxxx of xxxx house xxxxxxx What xx your xxxxxx class xxxxxx upper xxxxxx or xxxxx nbsp x disability xxxxxx Ratio xxxxxxxx How xxxx disability xxxxxxx do xxx receive xxxx the xxxxxxxxxx Nominal xxx you x disabled xxxxxx Yes xx No xxxx c xxxxxx health xxxxx Interval xxxx is xxx level xx your xxxxxx health xxxxxx represents xx depression xxx represents xxxxxx depression xxxxxxx Does xxxxxx affect xxxxxx health xxx or xx nbsp x obesity xxxxx Interval xxxx is xxxx BMI xxxxxxx To xxxxx obesity xxxxxxxxx do xxx belong xxxxxxxxxxx Normal xxxxxx or xxxx weight xxxx Explain xxxxxxx each xx the xxxxxxxxx statements xx based xx descriptive xxxxxxxxxx or xxxxxxxxxxx statistics xxxxxx a xxxxxxxxx to xxx Gallup xxxx about xxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx adults xxxx that xxxxx is xxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxx who xxxxx hard xxx go xx far xx they xxxx Inferential xxxxxxxxxx This xxxxxxxxx is xxxxx on xxx results xx a xxxxxx Poll xxxx surveyed x sample xx American xxxxxx and xxxx made xx inference xxxxx the xxxxxxx population xxxxxxxx adults xx population xxx percent xx from xxx sample xxxx b xxx homeless xxxxxxxxxx one-tenth xx the xxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxx in xxxxxxx Descriptive xxxxxxxxxx This xxxxxxxxx describes xxx situation xx Chicago xx does xxx involve xxx predictions xxxx c xx of xxxxxxx there xxxx more xxxx million xxxxxx survivors xxxxxx in xxx United xxxxxx Descriptive xxxxxxxxxx This xxxxxxxxx summarizes xxx actual xxxxxx of xxxxxx survivors xxxxxx in xxx United xxxxxx nbsp xxx each xxxxxxxx situation xxxxx identify x the xxxxxxxx design x the xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx variables x the xxxx of xxxxxxxx d xxxxxx size x population xxx f xx appropriate xxxxxxxxxx statistical xxxxxxxxx points x A xxxxxxxx student xx studying xxxxxx harassment xx college xxxxxx and xxxx a xxxxxx random xxxxxx of xxxxxx students xx they xxxxxxxxxx have xxxxxxxxxxx any xxxx incidents xxx researcher xxxx gathers xxxx on xxx GPA xxx racial xxxxxxxxxx to xxx if xxxxx is xxx connection xxxxxxx these xxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxx harassment xxxxxxxx by xxx or xx nbsp xxx research xxxxxx is xxxxxx The xxxxxxxxxxx variables xxx age xxx and xxxxxx Background xxx dependent xxxxxxxx are xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxx harassment xxx no xxx and xxx are xxxxxxxx Ratio xxxxxxxx Racial xxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxx harassment xxx nominal xxxxxxxxx Unit xx analysis xx individual xxxxxx student xxxxxx size xx female xxxxxxxx Population xx all xxxxxx students xx campus xxxxxxxxxxx statistical xxxxxxxxx is xxxxxxxx regression xxxxx nbsp x A xxxxxx psychologist xx interested xx whether xxxx motivation xx effective xx reducing xxx incidence xx smoking xxxxx adult xxxxxxx are xxxxxxxx from xxxxxxxxxxx residing xx the xxxx in xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx works xxxxxx are xxxxx to xxxxx a xxxxxxxxx after xxxxx they xxx a xxxxxxxx film xxxxx how xxxxxxx causes xxxxxx Vivid xxxxxxxx of xxx deceased xxxxxxx are xxxxx in xx effort xx instill xxxx of xxxxxxx in xxxxx subjects xxx other xxxxx receives xxx same xxxxxxxxx except xxxx see x neutral xxxx that xx unrelated xx smoking xxx months xxxxx showing xxx film xxx experimenter xxxxx records xx the xxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx smoked xxxxx by xxx participants xxxx The xxxxxxxx design xx Experimental xxxxxx The xxxxxxxxxxx variables xx types xx film xxxxx It xx a xxxxxxx variable xxx dependent xxxxxxxx is xxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx smoked xxxxx by xxxxxxxxxxx It xx a xxxxx interval xxxxxxxx Unit xx analysis xx individual xxxxxx nbsp xxxxxx size xx adult xxxxxxx nbsp xxxxxxxxxx is xxx smokers xxxxxxxx in xxx city xxxxx psychologists xxxxx Appropriate xxxxxxxxxxx technique xx independent xxxxxx t xxxx nbsp xxxxxxxx the xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx i x nominal xxxxxxx interval xx ratio xxx questions xx the xxxxxxxxx student xxxxxx points x What xx your xxxxxxxxx Interval x How xxxxx you xxxxxxxx your xxxxxxxx performance xxx you xx excellent xxxxxx ldquo xx rdquo xxxxxxx a xxxx mostly xxxxx Bs xxxxx student xx average xxxxxx ldquo xx rdquo xxxxxxx a xxxxx average xxxxxx ldquo xx rdquo xxxxxxx nbsp xxxxxxx level xx measurement xxxx c xx average xxx many xxxxxxxxxx per xxx do xxx smoke xxxxx d xx you xxx a xxxxxx how xxxx cigarettes xx you xxxx to xxxxx on xx average xxx per xxx Interval xxxx e xxxx is xxxx weight xxxxx f xxxx age xxxxxxx than x - x - x or xxxxx nbsp xxxxxxx level xx measurement xxxx nbspMore Articles From Social Statistics
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