Question.4760 - Lab 07 - OpticsMaterials/SuppliesAccess to computer and high-speed internet, Java installed on the computer, a browser with Flash built-in (likely Chrome is best)Time Spent Approximately 3 hours, does not need to be done at one sittingLearning ObjectivesDefine how a light wave interacts with a physical medium and construct laws which govern this interaction.Virtual LabTo begin this week’s lab, proceed to the following:Bending Light SimulationOnce you have the browser open you will see something like the screenshot below:Figure #1The screenshot shows a laser which is turned on, shining light from air to water. If you drag the protractor so that the central point is over the laser light when it hits the water, then you can measure the angles between the laser beam and the normal (dashed line) on both sides of the water. Please go ahead and measure the angle between the incoming light and the dashed line going up. Also, please measure the angle between the light in the water, and the dashed line going down. Write the answers below and comment on whether the angles SHOULD be the same, different, in what way.Answer:You may have already read in the textbook that Snell’s Law states that light entering into a different substance, at some angle, will “refract” by some angle which is given by Snell’s Law, n1*sin(𝜃1) = n2*sin(𝜃2)(eq. 1)Check that Snell’s Law is correct for the default situation in the simulator. Develop a method to check this, write it out below, and then proceed to test the theory. Write the results of your test below as well.Answer:Hopefully you found that Snell’s Law does apply to the situation depicted in the simulator. Now let’s use Snell’s Law in a more practical way, to figure out what an unknown substance is made of!!On the right side of the screen, you are able to change the lower material to a different substance, Mystery A. Please do so and then develop a method to test the index of refraction of the substance Mystery A and write down your procedure below. You must take at least 5 sets of data with the protractor in your method!Answer:Write out your data and your conclusions of your tests below. Include a guess as to what the mystery substance is!Answer:So great, light hits a different substance at some angle with respect to the normal and it bends. Big deal. It becomes a rather big deal when discussing people with imperfect vision and their desire to see correctly! The light that comes into the their eyes is not bending properly, because their eye has formed slightly differently than normal. The way to correct this slight deformity is with a pair of “prescription lenses”! In order to better understand eyeglasses, let’s first do our best to understand thin lenses! To begin, proceed to the following webpage:Lense SimulationHere you will see a screen similar to the one below:Figure #2This is a simulation which has a picture of a candle on the left that is an actual, physical object. The light from the candle is sent out in all directions, but SOME of that light goes through a small lens in the middle of the screen. That lens will bend the light and then the light will form a crystal-clear image on the right side, of what was shining light on the left side. By default, you will see this as the upside-down candle on the right of the lens. This bending of light by a lens, to form a clear image, is typically referred to as the physics of thin lenses. In order to manipulate thin lenses and perform experiments, please play around with what you can change and what you cannot in the simulator. Write out what you find most interesting about the simulator. What you find least interesting about the simulator.Answer:Now let’s get into some quantification of lenses! Below are some important equations you may want to keep in mind!Figure #3In case you have not encountered it yet, this Khan Academy video will help illustrate the sign convention for lenses. Please watch the video all the way through and then proceed with the lab. To begin let’s:Move the object away from the lens so that it is to the LEFT of the point labeled as ‘2f’ on the simulation. What happens to the image formed on the other side of the lens, as you drag the object to the left? Be specific in your description. Answer:As you move the object in between the ‘2f’ and ‘f’ positions, describe what happens to the image on the right. Be specific and state how the final image compares to the object.Answer:As you move the object in between the ‘f’ and the lens, describe what happens to the image on the right of the lens. Place the object at the blue line closest to the lens, but not actually ON the lens. Describe the image formed and be specific about how it compares to the object.Answer: Using the thin lens equations from above, calculate the image distance for the image, and compare that to the image distance given by the simulator. Show all of your work. Do you notice any differences? Make sure to note the sign of the image distance!Answer:Change the lens to a diverging lens and try to form a real image from the object. Describe your attempts below, and the results of your experiment.Answer:Summary StatementsImages formed to the right of the lens are….Answer:Using a converging lens, real images are formed when the object is……Answer:Using a diverging lens, all images are …….Answer:Imagine you are nearsighted. At your last eye appointment, your optometrist tells you that she will need to increase your prescription because as it turns out, light is focusing “too soon” in front of your retina. What sort of lens will your optometrist prescribe and why?Answer:We have dealt with light as if it were traveling in nice-clean straight lines. Recall that light is a wave! So why don’t we depict light as a wave in geometrical optics? The answer is, there is really no need to do so, with Huygen’s principle, and we will see more on why in the next and final lab!Once you have completed all lab questions, save the file using your name. For example:yourname_lab7.docxSubmit to the Module 7 Lab: EM Waves and Optics assignment in Canvas for grading.*Portions of this lab were taken from a write up by Chris Bires - Phet

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